Gender differences in determinants of iron-deficiency anemia: a population-based study conducted in four European countries

Levi, Miriam; Simonetti, Monica; Marconi, Ettore; Brignoli, Ovidio; Cancian, Maurizio; Masotti, Adriana; Pégoraro, V.; Heiman, Franca; Cricelli, Claudio; Lapi, Francesco

doi:10.1007/s00277-019-03707-w

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We observed that in the national population, among patients with IDA, the number of male patients (n = 4,506, 23.23%) was fewer than the number of female patients (n = 14,891, 76.77%). A previous study demonstrated that women who have particularly heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, as well as pregnant and lactating women, are especially at risk of developing IDA [50]. Moreover, women with hypermenorrhea have more frequent visits to clinics or hospitals, where ICD codes are coded and diagnoses obtained accordingly, compared to men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric disorders risk in patients with iron deficiency anemia and association with iron supplementation medications: a nationwide database analysis

Lee

Chao

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: It has been shown that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with psychosocial consequences and psychiatric morbidity. However, the association between adults with IDA and psychiatric disorders has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychiatric disorder morbidity of an IDA group in comparison with a non-IDA group and to examine the risk of psychiatric disorders in IDA patients treated with iron supplementation. Methods: All study subjects were 20 years of age or over with newly diagnosed IDA enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2012. We matched IDA and non-IDA subjects according to age and gender in a 1:2 ratio. Our primary outcome was diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and the patients were monitored until the end of 2013. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with IDA after adjustment for confounders, including demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Results: The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of psychiatric disorders was 1.49 (95% CI = 1.43–1.56) in the IDA group compared with the non-IDA group. Among the different types of psychiatric disorders, the IDA group was associated with significantly higher incidence and risks of dementia, anxiety disorders, depression, sleep disorders, and psychotic disorders ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, iron supplementation in IDA subjects was associated with a significantly lower risk of psychiatric disorders compared to non-iron supplementation in IDA patients. Conclusions: Our study indicates that IDA subjects had an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, regardless of other confounders. In IDA patients, iron supplementation was associated with a decreased risk of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, IDA patients receiving iron supplementation also had a lower risk of sleep disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric disorders risk in patients with iron deficiency anemia and association with iron supplementation medications: a nationwide database analysis

Lee

Chao

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) represents a frequent medical condition encountered in clinical practice by general practitioners, pediatricians and several other specialists. In Western countries, the prevalence of IDA is higher in two phases of the pediatric age: one occurs between the first and third year of life (2.3–15%) and the second occurs in adolescence (3.5–13% in males, 11–33% in females); in adults the prevalence is less than 1% in men <50 years of age, 2–4% in men >50 years of age, 9–20% in menstruating teenagers and young women, and 5 to 7% in post-menopausal women [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Celiac Disease

et al. 2021

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The iron absorption process developsmainly in the proximal duodenum. This portion of the intestine is typically destroyed in celiac disease (CD), resulting in a reduction in absorption of iron and subsequent iron deficiency anemia (IDA). In fact, the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation (EIM) of CD is IDA, with a prevalence between 12 and 82% (in relation with the various reports) in patients with new CD diagnosis. The primary treatment of CD is the gluten-free diet (GFD), which is associated with adequate management of IDA, if present. Iron replacement treatment historically has been based on oral products containing ferrous sulphate (FS). However, the absorption of FS is limited in patients with active CD and unpredictable in patients on a GFD. Furthermore, a poor tolerability of this kind of ferrous is particularly frequent in patients with CD or with other inflammatory bowel diseases. Normalization from anemic state typically occurs after at least 6 months of GFD, but the process can take up to 2 years for iron stores to replenish.

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“…There are a few risk factors evident in males, including ethnicity. Age was found to be a greater risk factor in males as compared to females [2]. Absolute iron deficiency is caused by physiologically increased iron requirements, reduced iron intake, pathological defective absorption, or chronic blood loss [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency anemia in males: a dosing dilemma?

Sheikh

Javed

Ijaz

et al. 2021

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is a major problem worldwide treated by replenishment of iron stores. The treatment is complicated by differing pharmacodynamics of administrative routes, equations with design effects, ongoing losses, additional daily requirement, plateauing of markers required for iron absorption, food-drug interactions, gender, and age. Accounting for these factors in one dosing regimen becomes difficult, specifically in males. This review aimed at analyzing multiple dosages of iron supplements in different studies and determining if there are factors that could individualize treatment in male patients. Methods: A scoping review was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials. gov. We reviewed literature from 1980 to 2020. The keywords used in the review were 'iron deficiency', 'dosage', 'males', and 'standardized'. Results and conclusions:The review included 1507 male participants from 9 major studies (4 clinical trials, 1 systematic review, 2 prospective and 2 descriptive studies). In the case of males, differences in lean body weight, and factors affecting absorption of iron also need to be considered. In order to thoroughly explore the issues in treatment of iron deficiency anemia, randomized controlled trials are required to investigate the frequency of dosing, impact of vitamin C and proper counselling, and weight changes in male participants.

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Gender differences in determinants of iron-deficiency anemia: a population-based study conducted in four European countries

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Psychiatric disorders risk in patients with iron deficiency anemia and association with iron supplementation medications: a nationwide database analysis

Psychiatric disorders risk in patients with iron deficiency anemia and association with iron supplementation medications: a nationwide database analysis

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Celiac Disease

Iron deficiency anemia in males: a dosing dilemma?

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