Gender differences in depression among veterans with spinal cord
                        injury.

Wilson, Catherine S.; Nassar, Stephanie L.; Ottomanelli, Lisa; Barnett, Scott D.; Njoh, Eni

doi:10.1037/rep0000221

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Males reported greater perceived injustice but less depression symptoms than females. This is consistent with the perceived injustice and depression literature, as men tend to report significantly higher perceived injustice than females [1,12], whereas females tend to endorse more depressive symptoms than males [35][36][37]. Sex differences in perceived injustice and depressive symptoms were not statistically significant, but may be clinically meaningful.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Perceived injustice after spinal cord injury: evidence for a distinct psychological construct

et al. 2019

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Study design Cross-sectional study.Objective To identify unique predictors of perceived injustice compared with depression symptoms within the first year after SCI. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation program in a large urban region in the Southwestern United States. Methods A sample of 74 participants with median time since injury of 52 days completed measures of perceived injustice, depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms, expected disability, pain intensity, and anger. Results Three unique predictors of perceived injustice as compared with depression symptoms were found-time since injury, state anger, and sex. These predictors had significantly different relationships with perceived injustice than with depression symptoms. Conclusions Results replicate previous findings that perceived injustice is moderately correlated with depression symptoms. However, findings also reveal factors uniquely associated with perceived injustice than with depression symptoms, providing support that these are two separate constructs. Thus, these findings support development of novel interventions targeting perceptions of injustice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Perceived injustice after spinal cord injury: evidence for a distinct psychological construct

et al. 2019

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“…The current study's findings that pain was associated with lower life satisfaction and greater mental health symptom severity dovetail with previous research documenting the relationship between pain and satisfaction with life (Budh & Osteråker, 2007), as well as pain and depression (Cairns et al, 1996) and anxiety (von Korff & Simon, 1996). The current findings extend this literature by identifying these relationships among veterans with SCI, who have been shown to have higher rates of depression compared with civilians (Wilson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…It is possible pain and mental health symptoms have a compounding and reciprocal effect, exacerbating each other (von Korff & Simon, 1996). This interaction is highly important for the veteran population who experience depression at a higher rate than the general population (Wilson et al, 2018). Thus, breaking this cycle is of paramount importance for assisting and providing health care services to veterans, particularly those with SCI experiencing pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain, mental health, life satisfaction, and understanding from others in veterans with spinal cord injury.

Watson¹,

McDonald²,

Henry³

et al. 2022

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Purpose/Objective: This study evaluated the relationships among pain, mental health symptom severity, life satisfaction, and understanding from others in veterans with spinal cord injury (SCI). Research Method/Design: A sample of 221 individuals with SCI were interviewed by a psychologist during their annual evaluation in a Veterans Affairs medical center in an urban Mid-Atlantic region. Participants completed single-item, Likert-scale measures of life satisfaction (McGuire Health Impact on Participation [M-HIP]), pain severity (M-HIP), and understanding of others (from a modified Appraisals of DisAbility Primary and Secondary Scale-Short Form [ADAPSS-sf]), along with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), a measure of mental health symptom severity. Results: In linear regression models, pain (b = .29, p , .001) and understanding from others (b = À.28, p , .001) were significantly associated with mental health symptom severity with a marginally significant interaction effect (b = À.32, p = .099). Pain (b = À.33, p , .001) and understanding from others (b = .32, p , .001) were also significantly associated with life satisfaction; however, there was no significant interaction (b = .22, p = .234). Conclusion/Implications: This study showed that understanding from others and pain are important factors related to mental health and life satisfaction for veterans with SCI and highlights interventions targeting these relations. Impact and ImplicationsThe current study highlights the importance of assessing empathy/understanding from others as a key predictor of psychological outcomes for individuals with SCI. Clinicians and rehabilitation specialists may wish to expand practices geared toward facilitating understanding of SCI for caregivers and other individuals with close relationships to people with SCI. Clinicians and rehabilitation specialists, especially those working closely with caregivers, may wish to incorporate exercises and training modules designed to help caregivers communicate empathy, understanding, and validation. Health care facilities may introduce or expand training for staff that increases knowledge of SCI and helps facilitate empathic and caring interactions with individuals with SCI.

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“…Additionally, inflammatory responses are differentially regulated in women compared to men (Takahashi and Iwasaki, 2021). Gender is a key factor in SCI outcomes; men are more likely to experience SCI, whereas women are more vulnerable to mood disorders and neuropathic pain following SCI (Wilson et al, 2018). Overall, future research must address post-SCI psychological challenges and the effect of sex; our understanding of SCI-exacerbated anxiety will be advanced through the use of effective assays for anxiety-like behavior such as conflict tests.…”

Section: Sci Amplifies Anxiety-like Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal cord injury in mice amplifies anxiety: a novel light-heat conflict test exposes increased salience of anxiety over heat

Lee

Greenough

Gaudet

2023

Preprint

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) predisposes individuals to anxiety and chronic pain. Anxiety- and pain-like behavior after SCI can be tested in rodents, yet commonly used tests assess one variable and may not replicate effects of SCI or sex differences seen in humans. Thus, novel preclinical tests should be optimized to better evaluate behaviors relating to anxiety and pain. Here, we use our newly developed conflict test - the Thermal Increments Dark-Light (TIDAL) test - to explore how SCI affects anxiety- vs. pain-like behavior, and whether sex affects post-SCI behavior. The TIDAL conflict test consists of two plates connected by a walkway; one plate remains illuminated and at an isothermic temperature, whereas the other plate is dark but is heated incrementally to aversive temperatures. Control mice are tested with both plates illuminated (thermal place preference). Female and male mice received moderate T9 contusion SCI or remained uninjured. At 7 days post-operative (dpo), mice with SCI increased dark plate preference throughout the TIDAL conflict test compared to uninjured mice. SCI increased dark plate preference for both sexes, although female (vs. male) mice remained on the heated-dark plate to higher temperatures. Mice with SCI that repeated TIDAL at 7 and 21 dpo showed reduced preference for the dark-heated plate at 21 dpo. Overall, in female and male mice, SCI enhances the salience of anxiety (vs. heat sensitivity). The TIDAL conflict test meets a need for preclinical anxiety- and pain-related tests that recapitulate the human condition; thus, future rodent behavioral studies should incorporate TIDAL or other conflict tests to help understand and treat neurologic disorders.

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Gender differences in depression among veterans with spinal cord injury.

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Perceived injustice after spinal cord injury: evidence for a distinct psychological construct

Perceived injustice after spinal cord injury: evidence for a distinct psychological construct

Pain, mental health, life satisfaction, and understanding from others in veterans with spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury in mice amplifies anxiety: a novel light-heat conflict test exposes increased salience of anxiety over heat

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