Gender differences in cerebral glucose metabolism: a PET study

Kawachi, Takashi; Ishii, Kazunari; Sakamoto, Setsu; Matsui, Masami; Mori, Tetsuya; Sasaki, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(02)00112-0

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Consistent with the present findings, metabolic decline has been documented in human imaging studies (20,21). Moreover, gender-dependent changes in cerebral blood flow and brain activity with aging (10,22), task performance (23)(24)(25), and memory (26,27) have been suggested in several studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gene expression changes in the course of normal brain aging are sexually dimorphic

Berchtold¹,

Cribbs

Coleman

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

518

548

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Gene expression profiles were assessed in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, superior-frontal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus across the lifespan of 55 cognitively intact individuals aged 20 -99 years. Perspectives on global gene changes that are associated with brain aging emerged, revealing two overarching concepts. First, different regions of the forebrain exhibited substantially different gene profile changes with age. For example, comparing equally powered groups, 5,029 probe sets were significantly altered with age in the superiorfrontal gyrus, compared with 1,110 in the entorhinal cortex. Prominent change occurred in the sixth to seventh decades across cortical regions, suggesting that this period is a critical transition point in brain aging, particularly in males. Second, clear gender differences in brain aging were evident, suggesting that the brain undergoes sexually dimorphic changes in gene expression not only in development but also in later life. Globally across all brain regions, males showed more gene change than females. Further, Gene Ontology analysis revealed that different categories of genes were predominantly affected in males vs. females. Notably, the male brain was characterized by global decreased catabolic and anabolic capacity with aging, with down-regulated genes heavily enriched in energy production and protein synthesis/transport categories. Increased immune activation was a prominent feature of aging in both sexes, with proportionally greater activation in the female brain. These data open opportunities to explore age-dependent changes in gene expression that set the balance between neurodegeneration and compensatory mechanisms in the brain and suggest that this balance is set differently in males and females, an intriguing idea.entorhinal cortex ͉ hippocampus ͉ microarray ͉ sex differences ͉ superior frontal gyrus A ging is associated with mild changes in cognitive capacity even in cognitively intact humans, including declines in memory and executive function that are associated with the hippocampus (HC) and frontal cortex. Paradoxically, these age-related changes in cognitive function are not well accounted for by corresponding age-related neuron loss and synaptic change in cortical or temporal structures. For example, despite reductions in cortical thickness, unbiased stereological assessment reveals that overall neuronal number in the human brain declines Ͻ10% over the age range of 20-90 years (1), and cortical neuron and synapse numbers are relatively maintained. Although the hilus of the HC does appear to undergo mild age-related neuron loss, other hippocampal subregions show increased dendritic and synaptic complexity with in-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gene expression changes in the course of normal brain aging are sexually dimorphic

Berchtold¹,

Cribbs

Coleman

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

518

548

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Gender differences have been studied in several earlier studies and there are no consistent findings of differences in basal rCBF in healthy volunteers using PET or SPECT [16,20,23,24].…”

Section: Gender Related Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When looking at results of previous rest and activation studies of rCBF and regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) with PET, SPECT and fMRI, the results are more complex and the findings can be controversial. For instance a higher uptake is reported in women at rest in the midcingulate/corpus callosum [23], temporal [23], parietal regions [16,23] and hypothalamus [24]. A lower rCBF is reported in the cerebellum [16], left anterior temporal [16], orbitofrontal cortex [16], right insula, middle temporal gyrus, and medial frontal lobe [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance a higher uptake is reported in women at rest in the midcingulate/corpus callosum [23], temporal [23], parietal regions [16,23] and hypothalamus [24]. A lower rCBF is reported in the cerebellum [16], left anterior temporal [16], orbitofrontal cortex [16], right insula, middle temporal gyrus, and medial frontal lobe [24]. On the other hand there are also recent studies reporting no gender based differences [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influences of Age and Length of Education on rCBF-SPECT in Healthy Elderly: Diagnostic Implications for Dementia

Sundström¹,

Larsson²,

Nyberg³

et al. 2011

IJCM

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“…Other studies reported opposite findings: temporal poles and cerebellum being metabolically more active in females than in males [8], or posterior parts of the brain being more active in females whereas anterior brain is more active in males [10]. Voxel-based rather than region of interest (ROI)-based methods indicated that the male brain has significantly higher glucose consumption in the right insula, middle temporal gyrus, and medial frontal lobe, whereas the female brain has a significantly higher metabolic rate in the hypothalamus [11]. A study using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) reported that metabolism in visual cortex and cerebellum is significantly higher in males than in females [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test-Retest Stability of Cerebral 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose ([18F]FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Male and Female Rats

et al. 2018

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Purpose: An important issue in rodent imaging is the question whether a mixed population of male and female animals can be used rather than animals of a single sex. For this reason, the present study examined the test-retest stability of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2- Procedures: Long-Evans rats (age 1 year) were divided into three groups: (1) males (n = 6), (2) females in metestrous (low estrogen levels, n = 9), and (3) females in proestrous (high estrogen levels, n = 7). Two standard [18 F]FDG scans with rapid arterial blood sampling were made at an interval of 10 days in subjects anesthetized with isoflurane and oxygen. Body temperature, heart rate, and blood oxygenation were continuously monitored. Regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose were calculated using a Patlak plot with plasma radioactivity as input function. Results: Regional metabolic rate of glucose (rCMR glucose ) in male and female rats, or [ 18 F]FDG uptake in females at proestrous and metestrous, was not significantly different, but females showed significantly higher standardized uptake values (SUVs) and Patlak flux than males, particularly in the initial scan. The relative difference between the scans and the test-retest variability (TRV) were greater in females than in males. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) of rCMR glucose , SUV, normalized SUV, and glucose flux were good to excellent in males but poor to moderate in females.Conclusions: Based on these data for [18 F]FDG, the mixing of sexes in imaging studies of the rodent brain will result in an impaired test-retest stability of PET data and a need for larger group sizes to maintain statistical power in group comparisons. The observed differences between males and females do not indicate any specific gender difference in cerebral metabolism but are related to different levels of non-radioactive glucose in blood plasma during isoflurane anesthesia.

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Gender differences in cerebral glucose metabolism: a PET study

Cited by 72 publications

References 23 publications

Gene expression changes in the course of normal brain aging are sexually dimorphic

Gene expression changes in the course of normal brain aging are sexually dimorphic

Influences of Age and Length of Education on rCBF-SPECT in Healthy Elderly: Diagnostic Implications for Dementia

Test-Retest Stability of Cerebral 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose ([18F]FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Male and Female Rats

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