Gender differences in causes of death among persons with HIV/AIDS in San Francisco, California, 1996–2013

Abstract

The objective was to examine gender differences in causes of death using the San Francisco HIV/AIDS and death registries. Data from San Francisco residents diagnosed with HIV/AIDS who died from 1996 to 2013 were analyzed. Age, race/ethnicity, year, and gender-adjusted standardized mortality ratios and Poisson 95% confidence intervals were calculated for underlying causes of death. Among the 6268 deaths, deaths attributed to drug use, mental disorders due to substance use, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal disease, and septicemia were more likely among women than among men. Compared to the California population, women had elevated standardized mortality ratios for drug overdose (25.37), mental disorders due to substance abuse (27.21), cerebrovascular disease (2.83), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7.37), heart disease (2.37), and liver disease (5.54), and these were higher than the standardized mortality ratios for the men in our study. Men, but not women, had elevated standardized mortality ratios for suicide (2.70), undetermined intent (3.88), renal disease (2.29), and non-AIDS cancer (1.68) compared to population rates. Continued efforts to reduce HIV-related illnesses and an increased emphasis on diagnosing and treating preventable causes of death, including substance use, heart disease, and mental health disorders, are needed as part of comprehensive HIV care.

The Association of Trauma with the Physical, Behavioral, and Social Health of Women Living with HIV: Pathways to Guide Trauma-informed Health Care Interventions

“…The link between adverse childhood experiences and later substance use and substance use disorders has been well described (Dube, Anda, Felitti, Edwards, & Croft, 2002;Dube et al, 2003;Quinn et al, 2016). The high level of substance use in this population is very concerning due to the known disproportionally high rates of death among WLHIV from substance use (Hessol et al, 2018).…”

“…In 2015, only 50% of WLHIV were retained in care and 48% achieved HIV viral suppression (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018a). Despite the broad availability of effective antiretroviral medications, WLHIV also experience high rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the general population (Hessol, Schwarcz, Hsu, Shumway, & Machtinger, 2018).…”

HIV-TB Coinfection among 57 Million Pregnant Women, Obstetric Complications, Alcohol Use, Drug Abuse, and Depression

“…By contrast, studies indicate that, for people with HIV or AIDS, those individuals who are more satisfied with their relationships, securely engaged with others, and more directly engaged with their illness are more likely to experience positive adjustment [ 23 – 25 ]. It is noteworthy to mention that reverse causality does exist in the relationships between HIV on one hand and alcohol use/drug abuse on the other, since drug abusers and alcohol users tend to engage in behaviors that put them at elevated risk for HIV infection [ 26 , 27 ]. The nature of social support could also influence the likelihood of risk behaviors among HIV-positive individuals.…”

Estimativa de adesão ao medicamento antirretroviral coformulado 3 em 1

“…A maioria dos pacientes em tratamento concentrava-se na faixa etária entre 41 a 50 anos (27,7%), seguida pelos pacientes entre 31 a 40 anos (25,2%) (Figura 1). A faixa etária de maior prevalência obtida corrobora com a de outros estudos recentes 10,11 .…”