Gender differences in Australian general practice trainees performing procedures related to women’s reproductive health: A cross-sectional analysis

Aghajafari, Fariba; Tapley, Amanda; Driel, Mieke van; Davey, Andrew; Morgan, Simon; Holliday, Elizabeth G.; Ball, Jean; Catzikiris, Nigel; Mulquiney, Katie; Spike, Neil; Magin, Parker

doi:10.31128/ajgp-03-18-4527

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This shifting composition of gender in medical schools will have an impact on teaching methods, medical culture and interaction with patients, particularly in countries where gender divisions are prominent. Gender has shown to affect medical practice [16,17], medical student experience [18] and various elements of learning [19,20] with most studies related to obstetric and gynaecology rotations [9,16,21,22]. Thus, it is not unreasonable that in contexts with prominent gender divisions, gender would have far reaching implications on clinical learning experience which would then impact how faculty should teach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of gender on clinical examination skills of medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: A graduating medical doctor is expected to be competent in physical examinations across all systems. The exploration of how gender affects the development of clinical skills has not been explored in an Arab context, despite cultural restrictions that make it more difficult for students and doctors to examine the opposite sex. Methods: A cross sectional survey was undertaken of graduating final year medical students in Northern Jordan. We asked about students' perceptions regarding factors that may impact the development of clinical skills potentially related to gender, and asked about the frequency of examinations performed during their training for intimate and general physical examinations on all patients, as well as patients of the opposite sex. We also asked about the students' confidence in performing the examinations (3-point Likert-scale). Comparison of male and female proportions was done using Chi square tests analysis. Results: One hundred eighty-eight final year students from 481 students (41%) completed the survey, 99 males and 89 females. The greatest factor given for impacting a student's clinical examination of a patient of the opposite sex was cultural or religious traditions. Overall male students perform more clinical examinations than female students, with the odds of a male conducting more than 10 cardiovascular examinations on any patient compared to female students being 2.07 (1.13-3.79) and as high as 3.06 (1.53-6.18) for thyroid examinations. However, females were significantly more likely to examine male patients than vice versa (0.49 (0.27-0.88) for cardiovascular and 0.39 (0.21-0.71) for respiratory examinations). The gender division was more prominent for intimate examinations, with a lower odds of males conducting breast 0.11 (0.04-0.28) and vaginal examinations 0.22 (0.02-1.98) and more male students conducting prostate examinations OR 11.00 (1.39-87.03) and male genitalia examinations OR 16.31 (3.75-70.94). Overall a large proportion of students had never performed common intimate clinical examinations at all. Conclusions: In our context, clinical exposure to both intimate and general clinical examinations differs significantly between male and female students. A greater awareness and more research on the influence of gender on clinical skill attainment in conservative cultures is needed with appropriate adaption of clinical teaching. Trial registration: Non interventional thus not required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of gender on clinical examination skills of medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…The study aimed to recruit GPs who were in regular contact with women of childbearing age and, in doing so, the knowledge and perspectives of ICC may not be generalisable to all GPs. Similarly, the study attracted predominantly female and metropolitan GPs; however, this may be reflective of the GP workforce profile 36 , 37 and patient preference for ICC services. Further research should obtain the views of male and rural GPs as well as other stakeholders in ICC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interconception care in Australian general practice: a qualitative study

James,

Watson,

Bernard

et al. 2023

Br J Gen Pract

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Background: General practitioners (GPs) provide care for women across the lifespan. This care currently includes preconception and postpartum phases of a woman’s life. Interconception care (ICC) addresses women’s health issues between pregnancies that then have impact on maternal and infant outcomes, such as lifestyle and biomedical risks, interpregnancy intervals and contraception provision. However, ICC in general practice is not well established. Aim: To explore GP perspectives about ICC. Design and setting: Qualitative interviews were undertaken with GPs between May and July 2018. Methods: 18 GPs were purposively recruited from south-eastern Australia. Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using the Framework Method. Results: Most participants were unfamiliar with the concept of interconception care. Delivery was mainly opportunistic, depending on the woman’s presenting need. Rather than a distinct and required intervention, participants conceptualised components of ICC as forming part of routine practice. GPs described many challenges including lack of clarity about recommended ICC content and timing, lack of engagement and perceived value from mothers and time constraints during consultations. Facilitators included care continuity and the availability of patient education material. Conclusion: Findings indicate that ICC is not a familiar concept for GPs who feel that they have limited capacity to deliver such care. Further research to evaluate patient perspectives and potential models of care is required before ICC improvements can be developed, trialled and evaluated. These models could include the co-location of multidisciplinary services and services in combination with well child visits.

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“…This reflects previous findings of gender differences in the performing of women's reproductive health-related procedures. 24…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of anticipated prescribing of long-acting reversible contraception by general practice registrars: A cross-sectional study

Turner¹,

Tapley²,

Holliday³

et al. 2021

Aust J Gen Pract

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Gender differences in Australian general practice trainees performing procedures related to women’s reproductive health: A cross-sectional analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

The influence of gender on clinical examination skills of medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional study

The influence of gender on clinical examination skills of medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional study

Interconception care in Australian general practice: a qualitative study

Associations of anticipated prescribing of long-acting reversible contraception by general practice registrars: A cross-sectional study

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