Gender Differences in Age, Period, and Birth-Cohort Effects on the Suicide Mortality Rate in Japan, 1985-2006

Odagiri, Youichi; Uchida, Hajime; Nakano, Miyoko

doi:10.1177/1010539509348242

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The majority of these studies present evidence of both period and birth-cohort effects [35–41], which is consistent with the findings from this study. The Sri Lankan evidence, however, points to a slightly stronger period effect which appears to relate to the availability of the most toxic pesticides in the market place.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Suicide in Sri Lanka 1975–2012: age, period and cohort analysis of police and hospital data

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSri Lanka has experienced major changes in its suicide rates since the 1970s, and in 1995 it had one of the highest rates in the world. Subsequent reductions in Sri Lanka’s suicide rates have been attributed to the introduction of restrictions on the availability of highly toxic pesticides. We investigate these changes in suicide rates in relation to age, gender, method specific trends and birth-cohort and period effects, with the aim of informing preventative strategies.MethodsSecular trends of suicide in relation to age, sex, method, birth-cohort and period effects were investigated graphically using police data (1975–2012). Poisoning case-fatality was investigated using national hospital admission data (2004–2010).ResultsThere were marked changes to the age-, gender- and method-specific incidence of suicide over the study period. Year on year declines in rates began in 17–25 year olds in the early 1980s. Reduction in older age groups followed and falls in all age groups occurred after all class I (the most toxic) pesticides were banned. Distinct changes in the age/gender pattern of suicide are observed: in the 1980s suicide rates were highest in 21–35 year old men; by the 2000s, this pattern had reversed with a stepwise increase in male rates with increasing age. Throughout the study period female rates were highest in 17–25 year olds. There has been a rise in suicide by hanging, though this rise is relatively small in relation to the marked decline in self-poisoning deaths. The patterns of suicides are more consistent with a period rather than birth-cohort effect.ConclusionsThe epidemiology of suicide in Sri Lanka has changed noticeably in the last 30 years. The introduction of pesticide regulations in Sri Lanka coincides with a reduction in suicide rates, with evidence of limited method substitution.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-839) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Investigations into birth-cohort and period effects have mainly been conducted in non-Asian countries [30–40], with the exception of studies conducted in Japan [41] and South Korea [42]. The majority of these studies present evidence of both period and birth-cohort effects [35–41], which is consistent with the findings from this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Suicide in Sri Lanka 1975–2012: age, period and cohort analysis of police and hospital data

et al. 2014

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“…Consistent with our findings of clear increases in the age effect during childhood and adolescence, previous studies also reported steep increases during these periods [4,5,14,15,23,25]. However, the age effects during adulthood and old age vary by nation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Suicide Mortality in South Korea, 1992–2015

Park

Song

Kim

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Although the effects of age, period, and cohort (APC) on suicide are important, previous work in this area may have been invalid because of an identification problem. We analyzed these effects under three different scenarios to identify vulnerable groups and thus overcame the identification problem. We extracted the annual numbers of suicides from the National Death Register of Korea (1992–2015) and estimated the APC effects. The annual average suicide rates in 1992–2015 were 31.5 and 14.7 per 100,000 males and females, respectively. The APC effects on suicide were similar in both sexes. The age effect was clearly higher in older subjects, in contrast to the minimal changes apparent during earlier adulthood. The birth cohort effect showed an inverted U shape; a higher cohort effect was evident in females born in the early 1980s when period drift was larger than 3.7%/year. Period effect increased sharply during the early 1990s and 2000s. We found that elderly and young females may be at a particularly high risk of suicide in Korea.

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“…Longitudinal age curve results (see Figure 4) showed that, in the same birth cohort, Chinese people’s life stage at the greatest suicide risk was the 20–24 years old for men and 15–19 years old for women, and suicide risk showed a slight increase after their 60 years old. However, previous studies found that although age effect curves varied in APC analyses from many developed regions, including North American countries (such as in the U.S. [37]), European regions (such as in Swiss [38], Sweden [39], England and Wales [40]), and Asian areas (in such as Japan [41], South Korea [42] and Hong Kong [43]), the results of these studies all showed that the greatest risky life stage for suicide was after 50 years old. The only studies whose results were somehow similar to ours were the APC analyses of the U.S. black population [44,45], which also showed the riskiest life stage for suicide was the youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trends of Suicide Mortality in Mainland China: Results from the Age-Period-Cohort Framework

Wang

Bao

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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The aim of this study is to explore the long-term trends of suicide mortality in China. We implemented the age-period-cohort (APC) framework, using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Our results showed that the net drift of suicide mortality was −4.727% (95% CI: −4.821% to −4.634%) per year for men and −6.633% (95% CI: −6.751% to −6.515%) per year for women, and the local drift values were below 0 in all age groups (p < 0.01 for all) for both sexes during the period of 1994–2013. Longitudinal age curves indicated that, in the same birth cohort, suicide death risk increased rapidly to peak at the life stage of 20–24 years old and 15–24 years old for men and women, respectively, and then showed a decelerated decline, followed by a rise thereafter after 54 years old for men and a slight one after 69 years old for women. The estimated period and cohort RRs were found to show similar monotonic downward patterns (significantly with p < 0.01 for all) for both sexes, with more quickly decreasing for women than for men during the whole period. The decreasing trend of suicide was likely to be related to the economic rapid growth, improvements in health care, enhancement on the level of education, and increasing awareness of suicide among the public in China. In addition, fast urbanization and the effective control of pesticides and rodenticides might be the special reasons behind these trends we observed in this study.

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Gender Differences in Age, Period, and Birth-Cohort Effects on the Suicide Mortality Rate in Japan, 1985-2006

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Suicide in Sri Lanka 1975–2012: age, period and cohort analysis of police and hospital data

Suicide in Sri Lanka 1975–2012: age, period and cohort analysis of police and hospital data

Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Suicide Mortality in South Korea, 1992–2015

Temporal Trends of Suicide Mortality in Mainland China: Results from the Age-Period-Cohort Framework

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