Gender differences in academic surgery, work-life balance, and satisfaction

Baptiste, Dadrie; Fecher, Alison M.; Dolejs, Scott C.; Yoder, Joseph; Schmidt, Christian M.; Couch, Marion E.; Ceppa, Duy Khanh P.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.075

Cited by 109 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, although there may be a pipeline issue, the issue of women leadership is multifactorial. Research has demonstrated that female surgeons are more likely to be responsible for childcare and meal planning compared to their male counterparts . Within otolaryngology specifically, male surgeons are more likely to rely on their spouse or partner for childcare and household responsibilities than are female surgeons .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Representation in Otolaryngology Leadership Roles

et al. 2019

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Objectives/Hypothesis Characterization of leadership within otolaryngology is key to evaluating trends and promoting program advancement. This study evaluates representation of women in otolaryngology holding residency and fellowship directorships, or chair positions, comparing sex differences in academic rank, years in practice, and scholarly activity. Study Design Cross sectional analysis. Methods A comprehensive list of otolaryngology residency and fellowship directors from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited programs in 2017 to 2018 was compiled. Academic rank and years in practice were determined from departmental websites, with online search tools used as secondary resources. The h‐index was utilized as a measure of research productivity. Regression analysis was performed to analyze these variables. Results Among the 306 directorships, women held 57 (18.6%) of these positions, 27 (26.5%) residency and 30 (14.7%) fellowship directorships. Of the 99 chair positions, five (5.1%) were held by women. The majority (53.6%) of male directors were full professors, whereas only 26.3% of females were full professors (P = .04). Mean years in practice for female directors (13.9 ± 6.8) was less than that of male directors (20.3 ± 9.4, P < .0001). Similarly, mean h‐index for female directors (11 ± 7.2) was lower than for males (17.5 ± 12.5, P = .0001). After controlling for academic rank and years of practice in a multivariable regression, the h‐index remained lower for women than for men (P = .03). Conclusions Women are disproportionately underrepresented in positions of residency and fellowship directorships, and chair positions, consistent with other specialties. Women in leadership had lower academic ranks, fewer years of practice, and lower h‐indices than their male counterparts. This may represent a shift in academic otolaryngology as female otolaryngologists seek early involvement in leadership. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1664–1669, 2020

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Representation in Otolaryngology Leadership Roles

et al. 2019

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“…Additional questions concern how women have adapted to the demands of the field while balancing work–life demands. Due to the gender expectations of women despite their working status, many women in various surgical specialties bear the greater burden of childrearing, household chores, and meal planning . However, more recent generational changes in cultural expectations of women and men could potentially allow for the adoption of a more open and equitable perspective of gender roles, thus permitting women to more easily pursue professional and academic careers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the gender gap closing in otolaryngology subspecialties? An analysis of research productivity

et al. 2019

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Objective: The proportion of women specializing in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (Oto-HNS) and seeking fellowship training has steadily increased over the last several years. In academic Oto-HNS, gender differences exist in research productivity, scholarly impact, and funding. This study aims to evaluate gender differences in academic productivity between otolaryngologists in early, mid-, and later careers stages and within various subspecialties.Methods: Departmental websites for all Oto-HNS residency programs were accessed, and data including gender, academic rank, and fellowship training/subspecialty field was collected. Bibliometric data including h-index, publication years, number of citations, documents, and coauthors was obtained from the Scopus database. Career groups were defined as early (1-5 years), mid-(6-15 years), and later (16+ years). Continuous data was compared using the t test.Results: Data was collected on 1,754 academic otolaryngologists (412 women, 1,342 men). Overall, men exhibited significantly higher h-indices, number of documents, citations, and coauthors and actively published for more years compared to women (P < 0.0001 for all variables). Similar trends persisted across all subspecialties. When authors were broken down into career groups, women and men showed similar research productivity across all career groups in the subspecialties of otology, facial plastics, and rhinology; however, in head and neck, laryngology, and pediatrics, women continued to lag behind men.Conclusion: This study suggests that female otolaryngologists within certain subspecialties are keeping pace with their male counterparts in publication productivity in the early career time frame. This represents a change from prior studies which have shown women to be less productive in the early career period.

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“…Although most physicians report career and life satisfaction, struggles with work-life balance are common, and dissatisfaction with life and career is a concern for some. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Research reveals that work-life conflicts (ie, the need to perform both work-and personal-affiliated tasks) are common for physicians and have been associated with higher rates of burnout and personal distress. 8 Furthermore, health care workers who report higher rates of behaviors associated with successful attainment of work-life balance have higher rates of teamwork-related and patient safety-related norms and behaviors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gender Discrepancies Related to Pediatrician Work-Life Balance and Household Responsibilities

Starmer

Frintner

Matos³

et al. 2019

Pediatrics

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BACKGROUND: Physicians must balance career and home responsibilities, yet previous studies on work-life balance are focused primarily on work-based tasks. We examined gender discrepancies and factors related to household responsibilities and work-life balance among pediatricians. METHODS: We used 2015 data from the American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study, a longitudinal study of early-career pediatricians. x 2 tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the effects of gender on household responsibilities, satisfaction, and work-life balance attainment. We formally reviewed responses from 2 open-ended questions on work-life balance challenges and strategies for common themes. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of participants completed the survey (1293 of 1801). Women were more likely than men to report having primary responsibility for 13 of 16 household responsibilities, such as cleaning, cooking, and routine care of children (all P , .001). All gender differences except budget management remained significant when controlling for parttime work status and spouse or partner work status (P , .05). Women were less satisfied with their share of responsibilities relative to others (52% vs 62%; P , .001), and few women and men report being very successful at achieving balance between their job and other life areas (15% vs 19%, respectively; P = .05). Open-ended responses (n = 1145) revealed many barriers to achieving work-life balance. Strategies to increase work-life balance included reducing work hours, outsourcing household-related work, and adjustments to personal responsibilities and relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Female pediatricians spend more time on household responsibilities than male pediatricians, and gender is a key factor associated with work-life balance satisfaction. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Previous research has revealed that women perform the majority of household labor, yet the extent to which this discrepancy exists for pediatricians is unknown. Work-life conflicts are known to be associated with negative consequences, including professional burnout and career dissatisfaction. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Early-and mid-career female pediatricians spend more time on household responsibilities than male pediatricians, regardless of the intensity of work commitments, and gender is a key factor associated with work-life balance satisfaction.

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Gender differences in academic surgery, work-life balance, and satisfaction

Abstract: Background

Cited by 109 publications

References 19 publications

Female Representation in Otolaryngology Leadership Roles

Female Representation in Otolaryngology Leadership Roles

Is the gender gap closing in otolaryngology subspecialties? An analysis of research productivity

Gender Discrepancies Related to Pediatrician Work-Life Balance and Household Responsibilities

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