Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer

Vavalà, Tiziana; Catino, Annamaria; Pizzutilo, Pamela; Longo, Vito; Galetta, Domenico

doi:10.3390/ijms222111942

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Most patients with NSCLC in this study were retired. Recently, sex and age differences have been demonstrated to exert a direct influence on oncological treatments, specifically immunotherapy, with documented distinctions between men and women ( Vavalà et al., 2021 ). Consequently, to correctly assess cancer outcomes, a multicenter study with greater population is required in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Implications of the Lung Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Recently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been considered as a common risk factor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, very few studies have been conducted on the effects of COPD on the lung microbiota in patients with NSCLC. To identify the lung microbiota in patients with COPD and NSCLC (CN), the microbiome of the induced sputa of 90 patients was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed no significant differences in the bacterial diversities of induced sputa among patients with COPD, NSCLC, and CN and no intrinsic differences among patients with different pathological types of lung cancer. After surgical operation, the diversities of the induced sputa in patients with CN significantly decreased. More remarkably, both the microbial community phenotypes and the components of the induced sputa in patients with CN obviously differed from those in patients with COPD or NSCLC. The relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Moraxella, and Actinomyces significantly decreased, but those of Neisseria and Acinetobacter significantly increased in patients with CN compared with those in patients with COPD or NSCLC alone, resulting in increased Gram-negative microbiota and, therefore, in potential pathogenicity and stress tolerance, as well as in enhancement of microbial glycolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Although COPD did not affect the number of pulmonary flora species in patients with NSCLC, these significant alterations in the microbial populations, phenotypes, and functions of induced sputa due to COPD would contribute to inflammation-derived cancer progression in patients with CN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Implications of the Lung Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…However, further studies are needed. All of these considerations may affect immunotherapy [ 111 ], and possibly statins or mevalonate pathway-acting compounds in co-treatment.…”

Section: Gender Influence On Statins’ Effect In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Statins on Lung Cancer Molecular Pathways: A Possible Therapeutic Role

Marcianò¹,

Palleria

Casarella³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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Lung cancer is a common neoplasm, usually treated through chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or surgery. Both clinical and experimental studies on cancer cells suggest that some drugs (e.g., statins) have the potential to improve the prognosis of cancer. In fact, statins blocking the enzyme “hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase” exert pleiotropic effects on different genes involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. In this narrative review, we presented the experimental and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of statins on lung cancer and described data on the effectiveness and safety of these compounds. We also evaluated gender differences in the treatment of lung cancer to understand the possibility of personalized therapy based on the modulation of the mevalonate pathway. In conclusion, according to the literature data, statins exert multiple effects on lung cancer cells, even if the evidence for their use in clinical practice is lacking.

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“…We also discovered a lower immune response rate in male NSCLC patients, while a higher immune response rate is observed in female NSCLC patients. Recent research has demonstrated that men and women respond differently to NSCLC and immunotherapy due to differences in the immune system (24). NSCLC cells may be exposed to a more effective immune surveillance mechanism when estrogen regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages and neutrophils (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research into the biological differences and targets in lung cancer patients with diverse immunotherapy responses

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundImmunotherapy has gradually become an important therapy option for lung cancer patients.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were responsible for all the public data.ResultsIn our study, we firstly identified 22 characteristic genes of NSCLC immunotherapy response using the machine learning algorithm. Molecule subtyping was then conducted and two patient subtypes were identified Cluster1 and Cluster2. Results showed that Cluster1 patients had a lower TIDE score and were more sensitive to immunotherapy in both TCGA and combined GEO cohorts. Biological enrichment analysis showed that pathways of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apical junction, KRAS signaling, myogenesis, G2M checkpoint, E2F targets, WNT/β-catenin signaling, hedgehog signaling, hypoxia were activated in Cluster2 patients. Genomic instability between Cluster1 and Cluster2 patients was not significantly different. Interestingly, we found that female patients were more adaptable to immunotherapy. Biological enrichment revealed that compared with female patients, pathways of MYC target, G2M checkpoints, mTORC1 signaling, MYC target, E2F target, KRAS signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, mitotic spindle and P53 pathway were activated. Meanwhile, monocytes might have a potential role in affecting NSCLC immunotherapy and underlying mechanism has been explored. Finally, we found that SEC14L3 and APCDD1L were the underlying targets affecting immunotherapy, as well as patients survival.ConclusionsThese results can provide direction and guidance for future research focused on NSCLC immunotherapy.

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Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Potential Implications of the Lung Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Potential Implications of the Lung Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Effect of Statins on Lung Cancer Molecular Pathways: A Possible Therapeutic Role

Research into the biological differences and targets in lung cancer patients with diverse immunotherapy responses

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