Gender Difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Americans With Diagnosed Hypertension

Ong, Kwok Leung; Tso, Annette W.K.; Lam, Karen S.L.; Cheung, Bmy

doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.105205

Cited by 208 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The NHANES 1999-2004 showed that 50.8% of men and 55.9% of women had uncontrolled hypertension adjusted for age. 5 Rates of uncontrolled hypertension were positively related with age with only 29% of hypertensive women aged 70-79 years having clinic BP o140/90 mm Hg compared with 41 and 37% of those 50-59 and 60-69 years of age, respectively (Figure 2). 26 An increased prevalence of concomitant CV factors, including central obesity, elevated total cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are likely to contribute to poor BP control in elderly women.…”

Section: Risk In Womenmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1 In the data from the NHANES 1999-2004 women were at significantly higher CV risk compared with men, with 53% of women and 41% of men with X3 of the six risk factors studied. 5 However, hypertension control in women remains poor, especially among elderly women. The NHANES 1999-2004 showed that 50.8% of men and 55.9% of women had uncontrolled hypertension adjusted for age.…”

Section: Risk In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 An increased prevalence of concomitant CV factors, including central obesity, elevated total cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are likely to contribute to poor BP control in elderly women. 5 In the Women's Health Initiative, the prevalence of prehypertension (BP 120-139/80-89 mm Hg) and its association with other CV risk factors, and the risk for incident CV disease events were determined in 60 785 postmenopausal women who were followed for 7.7 years. 40 Prehypertension was identified in 39% of women at baseline.…”

Section: Risk In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence and severity of hypertension increase markedly with advancing age in women, such that a higher percentage of women than men have high BP after 65 years. [1][2][3][4][5] Furthermore, BP control is more difficult to achieve in older women. Data from the Framingham Heart Study showed gender differences in BP control rates and in the pattern of antihypertensive medications prescribed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypertension in women

Pimenta

2011

Hypertens Res

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Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, and a highly prevalent condition in both men and women. However, the prevalence of hypertension is predicted to increase more among women than men. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can induce hypertension in a small group of women and, increase CV risk especially among those with hypertension. Both COC-related increased CV risk and blood pressure (BP) returns to pretreatment levels by 3 months of its discontinuation. The effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on BP are controversial, and COCs and HRT containing the new generation progestin drospirenone are preferred in women with established hypertension. Despite the high incidence of cancer in women, CV disease remains the major cause of death in women and comparable benefit of antihypertensive treatment have been demonstrated in both women and men. Hypertension Research (2012) 35, 148-152; doi:10.1038/hr.2011; published online 1 December 2011Keywords: blood pressure; treatment; women INTRODUCTIONHypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, and a highly prevalent condition in both men and women. Blood pressure (BP) is generally higher in men than in women regardless of age. Mean systolic BP in the overall population increases progressively throughout adult life in both men and women. During early adulthood mean systolic BP is higher in men than women, but the subsequent rate of rise in BP is steeper for women than men. Prevalence and severity of hypertension increase markedly with advancing age in women, such that a higher percentage of women than men have high BP after 65 years. 1-5 Furthermore, BP control is more difficult to achieve in older women. Data from the Framingham Heart Study showed gender differences in BP control rates and in the pattern of antihypertensive medications prescribed. 3 An age-related decrease in BP control rates were more pronounced in women than in men. Among the oldest participants with hypertension, only 23% of women (vs. 38% of men) were controlled to BP o140/90 mm Hg. Treatment with thiazide diuretics was also more frequent among women than men (38 vs. 23%). It is unknown whether the age-related decline in BP control among women is related to true treatment resistance because of biological factors or to inappropriate drug choices in the clinical setting.This article discusses practical aspects related to hypertension in women and some topics are discussed in detail in separate articles in this special review edition.

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Section: Risk In Womenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Risk In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypertension in women

Pimenta

2011

Hypertens Res

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“…In a recent survey of patients with diagnosed hypertension, central obesity was significantly more prevalent in women than men (79 vs 64%), as were elevated total cholesterol (61 vs 48%) and low HDL cholesterol (40 vs 36%). 26 Furthermore, significantly more women than men had three or more cardiovascular risk factors (53 vs …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, in women with hypertension: a pooled analysis of eight studies

et al. 2010

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Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality in women in developed countries. This pooled analysis assessed the antihypertensive efficacy, safety and tolerability of monotherapy with the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren (150 mg and 300 mg) over 8-12 weeks in women with mild-to-moderate hypertension (mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (msDBP)X95 and o110 mm Hg) across eight randomized and double-blind trials. Safety and tolerability were assessed in the five placebo-controlled trials in the analysis. In the 1527 women enrolled in these studies, aliskiren 150 mg and 300 mg produced significantly greater blood pressure (BP) reductions (14.1/11.0 and 16.1/12.3 mm Hg, respectively) compared with placebo (7.2/7.6 mm Hg; Po0.0001). BP reductions with aliskiren monotherapy in women were similar to those observed in men, and consistent across subgroups of age, metabolic syndrome and obesity. The overall incidence of adverse events in women was similar with aliskiren treatment (150 mg, 42.3%; 300 mg, 46.0%) and placebo (39.0%); adverse events with aliskiren were more frequent in women than in men, consistent with previous studies of gender differences in drug tolerability. In conclusion, aliskiren monotherapy at 150 mg and 300 mg doses provided effective, dose-dependent BP-lowering in women with mild-to-moderate hypertension, and it was well tolerated.

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Prevalence and associated factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension in Nepal: Analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Kibria

Swasey

Sharmeen

et al. 2018

Health Science Reports

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Objectives: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and develops faster among pre-hypertensive individuals. However, there is a lack of nationally representative studies that investigate the prevalence and determinants of these two conditions in many developing countries, including Nepal. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Nepal. Results: A total of 14 857 individuals (6247 males and 8610 females) aged ≥15 years who had their blood pressure measured during the survey were included in this study. MethodsThe prevalence for pre-hypertension and hypertension were 26.0% (95% CI: 25.3-26.3, n = 3856) and 19.5% (95% CI: 18.8-20.2, n = 2899), respectively. The prevalence of both conditions was greater among males. In multivariable analyses, older age, male sex, higher body mass index, and residents of Provinces 4 and 5 had significantly increased odds of pre-hypertension and hypertension (P < .05). Additionally, higher education level was found to be positively associated with hypertension. Conclusions:The combined higher prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension indicates that nearly half (45.5%) of the respondents are at a greater risk of cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases due to these two conditions.Older people, males, obese people, and individuals living in Provinces 4 and 5 require more awareness to control blood pressure levels. KEYWORDSdeterminants, hypertension, NDHS 2016, Nepal, pre-hypertension, prevalenceThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Gender Difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Americans With Diagnosed Hypertension

Cited by 208 publications

References 33 publications

Hypertension in women

Hypertension in women

Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, in women with hypertension: a pooled analysis of eight studies

Prevalence and associated factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension in Nepal: Analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016

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