Gender determination using cheiloscopy

Abstract

Background:Although lip prints have been used as an evidence for human identification in forensic science, there exists a doubt about its role in gender determination.Aims:The present study was designed for documenting common patterns, as well as their variation in the study population, with objective of evaluating uniqueness of the lip print pattern among the study population, as well as to evaluate the possibility of gender determination.Study Design:Two hundred and thirty five lip prints were collected from volunteers among out patients of Darshan Dental College and Hospital, as well as community dental care camps of rural areas around Udaipur.Materials and Methods:Lip prints were recorded with transparent overlay and transferred on to a bond paper. It was then photographed using a Canon EOS 55OD 16 mega pixel digital camera. Software Picasa 3.6 and Microsoft Picture Manager were used to digitally enhance the quality and magnify the image bearing the groove pattern. Lip prints were later analyzed.Statistical Analysis:Pearson chi square test was adopted for statistical analysis and probability (P value) was calculated.Conclusion:In our study, none of the lip prints were identical, thus confirming the role of lip prints in individual identification. Dots, reticular and complex patterns were significant in gender determination.

Correlation of lip patterns, gender, and blood group in North Kerala population: A study of over 800 individuals

“…in their study. [ 12 ] They observed that reticular and dotted patterns were commonly found in the upper lip of males and complex pattern in the upper lip of females. Gondivkar SM et al .…”

Cheiloscopy in sex estimation: a systematic review

“…In domain 1, almost all studies achieved a low risk of bias, and only one article was classified as high risk [ 25 ]. Regarding the characterization of the population, 10 studies failed to present the necessary data, and, within these, one article did not specify the distribution of participants by sex [ 26 ], leading to a high risk of bias. Still, most of the articles (31/41) specify all the population statistics.…”

The weak evidence of lip print analysis for sexual dimorphism in forensic dentistry: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

“…The studies were published between 1982 and 2019, and were from India (n = 52) 1 , 4 – 6 , 10 – 15 , 25 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 35 – 40 , 43 – 46 , 48 – 50 , 53 – 57 , 59 – 62 , 64 , 66 – 75 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 83 , 84 , Egypt (n = 3) 2 , 42 , 58 , Brazil (n = 3) 26 , 34 , 76 , Portugal (n = 2) 32 , 51 , Pakistan (n = 2) 47 , 77 , Colombia (n = 2) 29 , 52 , Nepal (n = 2) 33 , 82 , France (n = 1) 24 , Iran (n = 1) 63 , Romania (n = 1) 41 , Croatia (n = 1) 65 , Saudi Arabia (n = 1) 28 and Poland (n = 1) 80 . The total sample of participants across studies was 22,965.…”

“…Fifty eligible studies 2 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 14 , 25 , 26 , 28 – 30 , 32 , 35 , 38 – 40 , 42 , 44 – 46 , 49 – 58 , 60 – 63 , 66 – 72 , 74 , 76 – 79 , 81 – 84 had low risk of bias, while 22 studies 1 , 6 , 11 – 13 , 15 , 24 , 27 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 41 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 59 , 64 , 65 , 73 , 75 , 80 had moderate risk of bias (Tables 3 and 4 ). All the questions in JBI tool for cross-sectional studies were applicable, while three questions were not applicable in the JBI tool for diagnostic test accuracy studies.…”

“…The evidence brought through the present systematic review was extracted from 72 studies that sampled 22,965 individuals. Out of the studies, 70% (n = 52) 1 , 4 – 6 , 10 – 15 , 25 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 35 – 40 , 43 – 46 , 48 – 50 , 53 – 57 , 59 – 62 , 64 , 66 – 75 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 83 , 84 were from India. At first sight, the quality of studies was not bad when it comes to assessment of the risk of bias (nearly 70% had low risk of bias).…”