Gender composition and group dynamics: Evidence from a laboratory experiment with microfinance clients

Berge, Lars Ivar Oppedal; Juniwaty, Kartika Sari; Sekei, Linda Helgesson

doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2016.07.015

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There remain important unanswered questions about the extent to which differences among women undermine their collective action potential. This might seem surprising in light of recent evidence that women demonstrate strong problemsolving abilities and achieve high levels of cooperation in all-women groups (Berge, Juniwaty, and Sekei 2016;Fearon and Humphreys 2017;Greig and Bohnet 2009). Such evidence is consistent with claims that womenacross a wide variety of cultures and contextsdisplay strong norms of communal and pro-social behavior (Eagly and Wood 1991;Hyde 2014).…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Class, Ethnicity, and Cooperation Among Women: Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment in Lebanon

Marshall

Paler

2020

J Exp Polit Sci

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While recent evidence suggests that women exhibit a high capacity to cooperate in all-women groups, existing research focuses on how women cooperate among themselves versus in mixed-gender situations. We still know little, however, about how social differences among women affect their collective action capacity. We examine this by implementing a public goods experiment in Lebanon in which 713 women and men were randomly assigned to play in same-gender groups that were either homogeneous or heterogeneous in their class and sectarian compositions. We show that women contribute significantly less in mixed-class groups while men contribute more, reinforcing that this pattern is unique to women. We also demonstrate that class differences can undermine women’s cooperation more than sectarian differences. These findings highlight how social differences – and class differences in particular – can impede women’s collective action capacity, revealing the potential barriers to building broad, gender-based coalitions to advance women’s rights and interests.

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confidence: 53%

Class, Ethnicity, and Cooperation Among Women: Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment in Lebanon

Marshall

Paler

2020

J Exp Polit Sci

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“…Hjort (2014) finds that ethnic diversity leads to lower productivity in a flower factory. Functional diversity has been shown to hold the greatest promise of a positive effect; however Berge, Juniwaty andSekei (2017), Lyons (2017) and de Oliveira and Nisbett (2017) call into question the general applicability of such a finding. Taken as a whole, a diverse group faces a seemingly insurmountable hurdle in increasing production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Two Heads Are Better Than One?: Uncovering the Positive Effects of Diversity in Creative Teams

Dutcher

Rodet

2018

SSRN Journal

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Creative teams drive the idea-economy, yet the determinants of a team's ability to create new ideas are not universally agreed upon. Group-level diversity has gained the most traction as an explanation, where a team's performance is usually attributed to diversity over observed characteristics such as race, gender, or functional expertise. Most agree that these characteristics are not especially important, but rather serve as an indicator of diversity in experiences, which is the actual mechanism that improves team ability. We formalize and test if experientially diverse groups produce more ideas. Because group assignment to projects in the field is rarely exogenous, and experiential diversity is not measured in observational data, we use a laboratory experiment to test our proposal. We find that experientially diverse teams create more ideas and also find no additional effect for gender, racial, socioeconomic, or personality diversity. Our general finding for why diversity may be important indicates that if a correlation exists between characteristic diversity and experiential diversity, the characteristically diverse team will have a higher ability. This generalization can be used to unify divergent results from prior studies and can help explain how dissimilar corporate diversity policies could be equally successful.JEL Codes: C92, J24, M50, O30, O31, O34 Wilson for very helpful suggestions. Finally, this research would not be possible without the help of Michelle Raines in coordinating laboratory use.Given the role innovation plays in economic growth, scholars have long sought to understand how new and better ideas are created. One strand of literature posits that existing ideas are combined to form the new ideas that are the driving force behind modern economic growth (e.g., Weitzman 1998).If new creative ideas are the product of one's knowledge and experiences, then greater diversity in knowledge and experiences leads to greater creativity and greater innovation. In problem-solving contexts, it has been shown that teams can be more productive than individuals (e.g., Cooper and Kagel;2006), and are increasingly used in creativity-centered applications (Jaravel, Petkova, and Bell, 2018;Singh and Fleming, 2010;Wuchty, Jones and Uzzi, 2007;Uzzi et al., 2013). Companies wishing to take advantage of this insight have touted their diversity policies; however, the issue is not settled even among innovative companies.Consider the dissimilar approaches taken by Bell Labs, originally AT&T's research lab, and Google. Bell Labs established a culture where, "eccentric theorists mingled with hands-on engineers, gnarly mechanics, and businesslike problem-solvers, encouraging the cross-fertilization of theory with engineering" (Isaacson 48). Google's Project Aristotle was meant to understand team effectiveness, where their findings were summed up by one of their analysts as: "We were pretty confident that we'd find the perfect mix of individual traits and skills necessary for a stellar team -take one Rhodes Scholar, two...

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“…The GCC region ( Alqahtani et al., 2017 ), Middle Eastern and Asian countries ( Rosman et al., 2014 ) ( Rosman et al., 2014 ), Sri Lanka ( Wijesiri et al., 2015 ), and Indonesia ( Farida et al., 2018 ) most often use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a tool to measure this factor. Other methods besides DEA include Development Economic Analysis ( Hudon and Périlleux, 2014 ; Nashihin and Harahap, 2014 ), Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) ( Nurboja and Košak, 2017 ), OLS and Tobit ( Bitar et al., 2017 ), and profit models ( Berge et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial performance of rural banks in Indonesia: A two-stage DEA approach

Wasiaturrahma

Sukmana

Ajija

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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This study aims to analyze the efficiency performance of conventional and Islamic rural banks in Indonesia, specifically, Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) and Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS). Using a DEA approach, the results indicate that both BPR and BPRS are still inefficient in terms of the intermediation role but are efficient in production. Furthermore, the Tobit estimation show that these two efficiency results are positively affected by location and the capital adequacy ratio (CAR). These rural banks operating in cities tend to have a higher level of efficiency than otherwise. Moreover, the higher the capital, the more efficient both Islamic and conventional rural banks in terms of production and intermediation.

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Gender composition and group dynamics: Evidence from a laboratory experiment with microfinance clients

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Class, Ethnicity, and Cooperation Among Women: Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment in Lebanon

Class, Ethnicity, and Cooperation Among Women: Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment in Lebanon

Which Two Heads Are Better Than One?: Uncovering the Positive Effects of Diversity in Creative Teams

Financial performance of rural banks in Indonesia: A two-stage DEA approach

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