Gender choice and gender conflict in a non-reciprocally mating simultaneous hermaphrodite, the freshwater snail,Physa

Wethington, Amy R.; Dillon, Robert T.

doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0112

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…58 copulations per hour. On the other hand, copulation duration was much longer in our experiment (about 50 minutes) than has been observed in the outcrosser P. acuta (13-14 minutes in Wethington & Dillon (1996) and 5-8 minutes in Facon et al (2006)). …”

Section: (C) Limited Mating Activitycontrasting

confidence: 72%

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Prior selfing and the selfing syndrome in animals: an experimental approach in the freshwater snailBiomphalaria pfeifferi

et al. 2008

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SummaryInbreeding species of hermaphroditic animals practising copulation have been characterized by few copulations, no waiting time (the time that an isolated individual waits for a partner before initiating reproduction compared with paired individuals) and limited inbreeding (self-fertilization) depression. This syndrome, which has never been fully studied before in any species, is analysed here in the highly selfing freshwater snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi. We conducted an experiment under laboratory conditions over two generations (G 1 and G 2 ) using snails sampled from two populations (100 individuals per population). G 1 individuals were either isolated or paired once a week (potentially allowing for crosses), and monitored during 29 weeks for growth, fecundity and survival. Very few copulations were observed in paired snails, and there was a positive correlation in copulatory activity (e.g. number of copulations) between the male and female sexual roles. The waiting time was either null or negative, meaning that isolated individuals initiated reproduction before paired ones. G 2 offspring did not differ in hatching rate and survival (to 28 days) between treatments, but offspring from paired individuals grew faster than those from isolated individuals. On the whole, the self-fertilization depression was extremely low in both populations. Another important result is that paired G 1 individuals began laying (selfed) eggs several weeks prior to initiating copulation : this is the first characterization of prior selfing (selfing initiated prior to any outcrossing) in a hermaphroditic animal. A significant population effect was observed on most traits studied. Our results are discussed with regard to the maintenance of low outcrossing rates in highly inbreeding species.

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Section: (C) Limited Mating Activitycontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…This courtship phase lasted for 1-2 hours in our experiment, which is also much longer than values reported in P. acuta (Wethington & Dillon, 1996 ;Facon et al, 2006). We hypothesize that the whole mating process (courtship and mating) is much shorter in outcrossing than in selfing species.…”

Section: (C) Limited Mating Activitysupporting

confidence: 46%

Prior selfing and the selfing syndrome in animals: an experimental approach in the freshwater snailBiomphalaria pfeifferi

et al. 2008

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“…It is generally assumed that the preferred role in simultaneous hermaphrodites is to mate as a male since sperm production, as in most sexual species, is believed to be less costly than egg production (Bateman 1948;Charnov 1979). When interests are identical and incompatible, gender cost differences within hermaphrodites are thus expected to lead to conflicts, with both snails vying to mate in the preferred male role (Bateman 1948;Charnov 1979;Wethington & Dillon 1996;Michiels 1998). However, game-theory models based on the Prisoner's Dilemma (Rapoport & Chammah 1965) and the Hermaphrodite's Dilemma (Leonard 1990) predict that the outcome should be one of cooperation (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite infection, host resistance and mate choice: battle of the genders in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Webster

Hoffman

Berdoy

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Parasites have been proposed to be fundamental in the evolution of mate choice because differential mating on the basis of heritable disease resistance is expected to lead to progeny with a better genomeenvironment match than random mating. However, direct empirical data in support of this hypothesis are often lacking, and the relative influences of current and potential infection status (i.e. resistance genotype), and of mate choice versus mate conflict, remain largely unknown. We demonstrate experimentally, using simultaneous hermaphroditic snails (Biomphalaria glabrata) artificially selected for resistance or susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection, that mate choice is influenced by a combination of current and potential parasitic infection status. As predicted by game-theory models, we also found a picture of conflict and cooperation: resistant and susceptible genotypes copulated in either gender and reciprocated (i.e. switched gender) equally when faced with an uninfected partner, but, by contrast, resistant snails actively refused to copulate as females with an infected partner. Such recognition and discrimination has implications for the maintenance of sex and the evolution of recognition systems.

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“…For example, many freshwater gastropods mate unilaterally without it resembling the hit-and-run strategy outlined before for flatworms. In such systems, the mating status and thus the amount of available allosperm (i.e., received sperm to fertilize own eggs) and autosperm (i.e., produced sperm and/or seminal fluid for donation) might predict a preference for playing the male or female role at any one time (Wethington and Dillon 1996;Koene and ter Maat 2005), even in the presence of an overall sex-role preference (see "gender-ratio hypothesis" above) (Anthes et al 2006b). In these systems, occasional conflicts arising from a shared male preference might simply be resolved by an evasive behavior of the would-be female-acting snail (DeWitt 1991;Wethington and Dillon 1996).…”

Section: Premating Conflicts: Routes To Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cite this article as Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015;7:a017673 gains from mating as a male or female during any particular encounter will depend on a range of factors, notably the mating history (and thus sperm reserves as both donor and recipient) (e.g., Wethington and Dillon 1996;Anthes et al 2006a;Ludwig and Walsh 2008), as well as other life-history traits, such as fecundity, survival, and sex allocation of the sperm donor and/or the recipient (e.g., DeWitt 1996; Gianguzza et al 2004;Janicke and Schärer 2009b;Dillen et al 2010). This provides a more flexible framework for thinking about variation in sex-role preferences (Anthes et al 2006b), and all that is required for conflict is that at least some encounters lead to incompatible mating interests.…”

Section: Sexual Conflict In Hermaphroditesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Conflict in Hermaphrodites

Schärer¹,

Janicke²,

Ramm³

2014

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

105

142

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Hermaphrodites combine the male and female sex functions into a single individual, either sequentially or simultaneously. This simple fact means that they exhibit both similarities and differences in the way in which they experience, and respond to, sexual conflict compared to separate-sexed organisms. Here, we focus on clarifying how sexual conflict concepts can be adapted to apply to all anisogamous sexual systems and review unique (or especially important) aspects of sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals. These include conflicts over the timing of sex change in sequential hermaphrodites, and in simultaneous hermaphrodites, over both sex roles and the postmating manipulation of the sperm recipient by the sperm donor. Extending and applying sexual conflict thinking to hermaphrodites can identify general evolutionary principles and help explain some of the unique reproductive diversity found among animals exhibiting this widespread but to date understudied sexual system.

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Gender choice and gender conflict in a non-reciprocally mating simultaneous hermaphrodite, the freshwater snail,Physa

Cited by 64 publications

References 33 publications

Prior selfing and the selfing syndrome in animals: an experimental approach in the freshwater snailBiomphalaria pfeifferi

Prior selfing and the selfing syndrome in animals: an experimental approach in the freshwater snailBiomphalaria pfeifferi

Parasite infection, host resistance and mate choice: battle of the genders in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Sexual Conflict in Hermaphrodites

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