Gender-based violence during COVID-19 outbreak in Spain

Rodríguez‐Jiménez, Roberto; Fares-Otero, Natalia E.; García‐Fernández, Lorena

doi:10.1017/s0033291720005024

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…On the other hand, family conflicts and unresolved social matters were independently associated with a poorer evolution of substance consumption. This relationship has been previously described [50], and during the lockdown, as previous studies reported, social and familial problems have arisen [28,51].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

COVID-19 Lockdown and Consumption Patterns among Substance Use Disorder Outpatients: A Multicentre Study

et al. 2022

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Introduction: COVID-19 has had a great impact on mental health in the general population. However, few studies have focused on patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). This research aimed to compare the clinical status and substance use patterns of SUD outpatients, before and during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This multicentre study recruited 588 patients (29.2% women; M age = 47.4 ± 11.7 years) in thirteen centres for addiction treatment in Catalonia, Spain. All subjects were evaluated with validated instruments and ad hoc questionnaires. The sample was divided into 3 groups according to how the substance consumption pattern changed during lockdown (maintained pattern, worsened pattern, and improved pattern). Results: More than 62% of the patients maintained or worsened their consumption pattern during confinement, and about 38% improved throughout this time. Diverse factors were associated with the changes in pattern like age, addiction severity, psychological distress during lockdown, social and familial issues, and therapeutic variables. Conclusion: The home lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with major implications for substance consumption and psychiatric distress among SUD outpatients. Considering this, the need to plan appropriate interventions in cases of similar health crises is highlighted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

COVID-19 Lockdown and Consumption Patterns among Substance Use Disorder Outpatients: A Multicentre Study

et al. 2022

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“…Social disruption increased the risk of suicide [65]; furthermore, it has been suggested that women particularly struggled to maintain their mental wellbeing [51], which should not come as a surprise, given the unique stress, fear and guilt that women carry during epidemics [66]. It is also worth mentioning that lockdowns had indirect health effects on women, including: a considerably higher rate of caesarean delivery [67], a lack of access to abortion [68] and a concerning increase in gender-based violence [69].…”

Section: Sex and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Results from the ANCOHVID Multicentre Study

Fernández-Martínez

Ortiz-González-Serna

Serrano-Ortiz

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Spain is one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although risk factors for severe disease are published, sex differences have been widely neglected. In this multicentre study, we aimed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in men and women hospitalised with COVID-19. An observational longitudinal study was conducted in the cohort of patients admitted to four hospitals in Andalusia, Spain, from 1 March 2020 to 15 April 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from hospital records. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate 30-day survival and multiple Cox regression models were applied. All analyses were stratified by sex. A total of 968 patients were included (54.8% men, median age 67.0 years). In-hospital mortality reached 19.1% in men and 16.0% in women. Factors independently associated with an increased hazard of death were advanced age, higher CURB-65 score and not receiving azithromycin treatment, in both sexes; active cancer and autoimmune disease, in men; cardiovascular disease and chronic lung disease, in women. Disease outcomes and predictors of death differed between sexes. In-hospital mortality was higher in men, but the long-term effects of COVID-19 merit further research. The sex-differential impact of the pandemic should be addressed in public health policies.

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“…Along the same lines of argument, the probable greater severity of SV identified in this period could be due to the exposure to Sex-IPV between cohabiting partners. Even though studies using empirical data during this recent period are scared, the current evidence suggests that, during this period both in Spain 24 as well as in other European countries, there was an increase in calls to helpline centres for victims of gender violence, while there was also a decrease in formal complaints. 25 Studies published by Gosangi show greater severity of injuries in women attended at gender violence emergency service centres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Prevalence and associated factors with sexual violence victimisation youth before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in Spain

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesTo analyse the prevalence of sexual violence (SV) and associated factors in Spanish young adults in the last year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown.DesignCross-sectional study based on the online ‘SV in Young People Survey’ (2020).SettingNon-institutionalised population residing in Spain.Participants2515 men and women aged 18–35 years old. The participants were obtained from a probability based, online closed panel of adults aged 16 or older that is representative of the non-institutionalised population. The sample designed includes quotas by sex, age, region and country of origin.Outcomes measures and analysesSV victimisation by sociodemographics, sexual attraction and couple-related characteristics during the past year and before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown (March–June 2020). Prevalence ratios were calculated using robust Poisson regression models.ResultsIn Spain, 8.5% of young people experienced SV during the past year. The greatest prevalence was observed in women with bisexual attraction (17.5%) and in men with homosexual attraction (14.2%). During the COVID-19 lockdown, the prevalence of SV victimisation was lower (1.9%), but unwanted intercourses increased, affecting 64.4% of those exposed to SV during the period. People with homosexual or bisexual attraction were more likely to experience SV in all of the studied periods (PRbefore: 2.01; p<0.001; PRduring: 2.63 p=0.002; PRafter: 2.67; p<0.001). Women were more likely than men to experience SV prior to the lockdown, while no cohabitation increased the likelihood to experience SV after this periodConclusionsSV victimisation in Spanish youth is high. During COVID-19, there were changes in the magnitude of factors associated with SV. It seems that SV events decreased in people who did not live with their partners, but unwanted intercourses increased. The development of prevention strategies to address SV in youth should take into account social inequalities by sex, sexual orientation and origin.

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Gender-based violence during COVID-19 outbreak in Spain

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

COVID-19 Lockdown and Consumption Patterns among Substance Use Disorder Outpatients: A Multicentre Study

COVID-19 Lockdown and Consumption Patterns among Substance Use Disorder Outpatients: A Multicentre Study

Sex Differences and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Results from the ANCOHVID Multicentre Study

Prevalence and associated factors with sexual violence victimisation youth before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in Spain

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