Gender-based differences in the relationship between fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

Kim, Hyun-Jin; Lim, Chae-Wan; Lee, Jae Hyuk; Park, Hyung‐Bok; Suh, Yongsung; Cho, Yoon-Hyeong; Choi, Tae‐Young; Hwang, Eui-Seok; Cho, Deok-Kyu

doi:10.5830/cvja-2016-014

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In male participants, we did not get a statistically significant result of two above association, which might be explained by a presumption that the negative effect of NAFLD such as MS, IR, dyslipidemia and so on is more significant in women than in man. This result was confirmed by a recent study that suggested that fatty liver disease was a useful predictor of atherosclerosis especially for female 35 . The gender differences in association between NAFLD and CAC or increased risk level of CHD need be further investigated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Calcification in a Northern Chinese Population: a Cross Sectional Study

Rina

Hou

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an emerging health issue with a high prevalence in general population. The cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the association between NAFLD and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in individuals from northern city of China. A total of 2345 participants aged ≥40 (1035 men and 1310 women) were selected from the Jidong community of Tangshan city. Liver ultrasonography was used to the diagnosis of NAFLD. A 64-slice CT scanner was used to determine coronary artery calcification score (CACS), with CACS > 0 defined to be the presence of CAC. The risk level of coronary heart disease (CHD) was graded by CACS according to the 4 commonly used thresholds in clinical practice (0, 10, 100, and 400 Agatston units). NAFLD was significantly associated with CAC (crude OR: 1.631, 95% CI: 1.295–2.053, adjusted OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.030–1.765). The association between NAFLD and increased risk level of CHD (Crude OR: 1.639 95% CI: 1.303–2.063; adjusted OR: 1.359 95% CI: 1.043–1.770) was observed. The associations between NAFLD and CAC or increased risk level of CHD were significant in female but not in male. Our finding further confirmed the association between NAFLD and CAC, especially in Asian population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Calcification in a Northern Chinese Population: a Cross Sectional Study

Rina

Hou

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, Kim et al studied the association of atherosclerotic disease in FLD in relation to gender differences and concluded that males had a higher prevalence of FLD, carotid plaque and increased CIMT values compared to females (87). Martinez-Alvarado Mdel et al suggested that IR could be a mediator of metabolic abnormalities and subclinical atherosclerosis in females (88).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease In Fatty Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk in Fatty Liver Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis—Literature Review

2019

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According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 18 million deaths per year. Nevertheless, the worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known to be common risk factors for CVD, have dramatically increased over the last decades. Chronic alcohol consumption is a major cause of chronic liver diseases (CLD) as well as being a major health care cost expenditure accounting for the spending of tremendous amounts of money annually. NAFLD has become one of the major diseases plaguing the world while standing as the most common cause of liver disease in the Western countries by representing about 75% of all CLD. Currently, the most common cause of death in NAFLD remains to be CVD. Several mechanisms have been suggested to be responsible for associating FLD with CVD through several mechanisms including low-grade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, adipokines, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipotoxicity and microbiota dysbiosis which may also be influenced by other factors such as genetic and epigenetic variations. Despite of all this evidence, the exact mechanisms of how FLD can causally contribute to CVD are not fully elucidated and much remains unknown. Moreover, the current literature supports the increasing evidence associating FLD with several cardiovascular (CV) adverse events including coronary artery disease, increased subclinical atherosclerosis risk, structural alterations mainly left ventricular hypertrophy, increased epicardial fat thickness, valvular calcifications including aortic valve sclerosis and mitral annular calcification and functional cardiac modifications mainly diastolic dysfunction in addition to cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrythmias and conduction defects including atrioventricular blocks and bundle branch blocks. Patients with FLD should be evaluated and managed accordingly in order to prevent further complications. Possible management methods include non-pharmacological strategies including life style modifications, pharmacological therapies as well as surgical management. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms linking FLD with an increased CV risk, in addition to associated CV adverse events and current management modalities.

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“…[11][12][13] In a study examining the relationship between liver fat and gender, the rate of steatohepatitis and serum AST, ALT and GGT levels were found to be higher in men than in women. [14] Considering these findings, it should be clarified what is the reason for the higher AST and ALT levels in male patients in the present study; whether it is a gender-based change or a metabolic differentiation triggered after SG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Postoperative First-Month Biochemical Parameters in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Karagoz¹

2020

Laparosc Endosc Surg Sci

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Introduction: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), which was first described as a part of the duodenal switch procedure, has become the most commonly used type of metabolic surgery in Turkey and the world. This study is an evaluation of the effects of SG surgery on the levels of glucose metabolism, liver enzymes, and thyroid hormones in the first postoperative month, according to age and gender. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 consecutive patients who underwent SG at a single center between January 2018 and September 2019 were retrospectively evaluated for enrollment. The biochemical parameters of the patients measured at the first postoperative month were evaluated and any differences between female and male patients were analyzed. Results: Twenty-five patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient data and the study was performed using the records of 99 patients. Of the group, 70 (70.7%) were female and 29 (29.3%) were male, with a mean age of 35.42±11.47 years (range: 18-68 years). Preoperative alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) values were found to be significantly higher in male patients (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the male and female patients in terms of free-T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone values, (p>0.05) whereas there was a significant difference between the genders in terms of free-T3 (fT3) thyroid hormone (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the female and male patients in terms of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or age. Conclusion: SG was found not only to have mechanical effects but also to cause many metabolic changes. There are currently too few studies in the literature examining how these metabolic changes alter the biochemical parameters. According to the results of a small number of studies, SG significantly reduces body mass index, and the levels of AST, triglycerides, and HbA1c. The results of this study indicated that AST, ALT, GGT, and fT3 levels were higher in men after SG than in women.

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Gender-based differences in the relationship between fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Calcification in a Northern Chinese Population: a Cross Sectional Study

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Calcification in a Northern Chinese Population: a Cross Sectional Study

Cardiovascular Risk in Fatty Liver Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis—Literature Review

Postoperative First-Month Biochemical Parameters in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

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