Gender-based differences in COVID-19

Su, Yu‐Jang; Kuo, Kuan-Chih; Wang, Ta‐Wei; Chang, Chen‐Wang

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100905

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Of note, we found in lungs, males display a higher differential expression of genes associated with activated neutrophils and alveolar macrophages and with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated to ARDS, such as Il-6, Cxcl10 and Ifn □. This sex-based difference has been evidenced in human COVID-19 cases 66–69 but it had not been previously reported for animal models, where the transcriptome of infected hamsters was mainly investigated using RT-qPCR rather than RNA-Seq analysis 53,70,71 . Another peculiarity of male hamsters standing out from our data is the differential expression of genes promoting angiogenesis (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Host response of Syrian hamster to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including differences with humans and between sexes

Castellan

Zamperin

Franzoni

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the importance of having proper tools and models to study the pathophysiology of emerging infectious diseases to test therapeutic protocols, assess changes in viral phenotype and evaluate the effect of viral evolution. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as an animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection, using different approaches (description of clinical signs, viral replication, receptor profiling and host immune response) and targeting four different organs (lungs, intestine, brain and PBMCs). Our data showed that both male and female hamsters are susceptible to the infection and develop a disease similar to the one observed in patients with COVID-19, including moderate to severe pulmonary lesions, inflammation and recruitment of the immune system in lungs and at systemic level. However, all animals recovered within 14 days without developing the severe pathology seen in humans, and none of them died. We found faint evidence for intestinal and neurological tropism associated with absence of lesions and a minimal host response in intestines and brains, highlighting another crucial difference with the multi-organ impairment of severe COVID-19. When comparing male and female hamsters, it was observed that males sustained higher viral shedding and replication in lungs, suffered from more severe symptoms and histopathological lesions and triggered higher pulmonary inflammation. Overall, these data confirm the Syrian hamster as being a suitable model for mild-moderate COVID-19 and reflect sex-related differences in the response against the virus observed in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Host response of Syrian hamster to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including differences with humans and between sexes

Castellan

Zamperin

Franzoni

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The incubation period did not differ significantly by gender, age group, and epidemic period which is in line with a previous study (8). However, another previous study demonstrated that the mean incubation period for male patients (8.0 days) was longer than that for female patients (4.8 days) (21). Regarding age, another study reported a significantly longer median incubation period for elderly patients over 60 years (7.7 days) than for young patients under 30 years (4.0 days) (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Incubation period of wild type of SARS-CoV-2 infections by age, gender, and epidemic periods

Achangwa

Park

Ryu

2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe incubation period of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is estimated to vary by demographic factors and the COVID-19 epidemic periods.ObjectiveThis study examined the incubation period of the wild type of SARS-CoV-2 infections by the different age groups, gender, and epidemic periods in South Korea.MethodsWe collected COVID-19 patient data from the Korean public health authorities and estimated the incubation period by fitting three different distributions, including log-normal, gamma, and Weibull distributions, after stratification by gender and age groups. To identify any temporal impact on the incubation period, we divided the study period into two different epidemic periods (Period-1: 19 January−19 April 2020 and Period-2: 20 April−16 October 2020), and assessed for any differences.ResultsWe identified the log-normal as the best-fit model. The estimated median incubation period was 4.6 (95% CI: 3.9–4.9) days, and the 95th percentile was 11.7 (95% CI: 10.2–12.2) days. We found that the incubation period did not differ significantly between males and females (p = 0.42), age groups (p = 0.60), and the two different epidemic periods (p = 0.77).ConclusionsThe incubation period of wild type of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020, in South Korea, does not likely differ by age group, gender and epidemic period.

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“…Consistent with other studies, this finding shows that women have a higher perceived risk of infection compared to men [ 25 , 26 ]. This fact is contradictory to the gender consequences, which show a higher risk of severity [ 27 ] and mortality in men [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Compliance with COVID-19 Prevention Measures in the Spanish Population during the New Normal: Will the Need for Greater Community Involvement Be One of the Lessons Learned?

Recio-Vivas

Mansilla-Domínguez

Eraso

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Throughout the pandemic, national and international health authorities have called on the population to collaborate and contribute with their behavior to control the problem. The aim of this study is to analyze the implementation of the protective measures against COVID-19 and to determine the factors involved in their compliance. To respond to the objectives, a cross-sectional study was performed involving a total of 5560 individuals. An ad hoc online questionnaire was created and shared through social networks, scientific societies, and various health institutions. The probability of high or total compliance with the protective measures was higher in women (OR = 1.401) and as age increases, with an OR = 2.524 in the interval between 31 and 64 years old and an OR = 2.896 in the oldest interval (65 and over). This study shows the characteristics of the population that considers it more likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, thus adopting greater adherence to prevention measures. Knowing which factors are associated with adherence to protective measures is essential for establishing effective pandemic control measures. Our findings may be useful for designing future awareness campaigns adapted to different socio-demographic characteristics in settings affected by COVID-19.

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Gender-based differences in COVID-19

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Host response of Syrian hamster to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including differences with humans and between sexes

Host response of Syrian hamster to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including differences with humans and between sexes

Incubation period of wild type of SARS-CoV-2 infections by age, gender, and epidemic periods

Compliance with COVID-19 Prevention Measures in the Spanish Population during the New Normal: Will the Need for Greater Community Involvement Be One of the Lessons Learned?

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