Gender-Based Analyses of Coping with Stress among Professional Managers: Leisure Coping and Non-Leisure Coping

Midlife Women's Negotiations of Barriers to and Facilitators of Physical Activity: Implications for Counselors

“…This research suggested that women's roles central to the ethic of care, such as mothering, nursing, and familial nurturing, functioned as a constraint because women lacked a sense of entitlement to leisure. Other studies have also demonstrated that compared with men, women are much more likely to perceive that their free time should be consumed with activities such as child care and household chores (Iwasaki, MacKay, & Mactavish, 2005). In addition, when they allow themselves to take the time to exercise or do other self-care activities, women may not experience the same level of relief due to feelings of guilt or pressure to complete other responsibilities (Mattingly & Sayer, 2006).…”

Differences between male and female sport event tourists: A qualitative study

“…On the other hand, males had a different perspective. Iwasaki et al (2005) suggested the importance of leisure travel as a technique for coping with stress. However, some male members were proud to be members of and identified with the Club (social facilitation) but without mentioning social support.…”

Physical Activity and Quality of Life: Key Considerations

“…Due to the relatively high levels of stress in competitive sport, participants need to develop stress management skills to cope with sport-related stressors (e.g., Nicholls, Holt, Polman, & James, 2005). Exercise also is one of many techniques for reducing stress levels, particularly when participating in noncompetitive, rhythmical types of physical activity that promote abdominal breathing (e.g., Berger, 1994;Iwasaki, MacKay, & Mactavish, 2005;Plante, Coscarelli, & Ford, 2001). Exercisers in these types of activities, especially those that are noncompetitive (Plante et al, 2001), have time out from a busy day, a time to think and problem-solve, and an opportunity to experience their bodies in motion (e.g., Berger et al, 2007;Rocheleau et al, 2004).…”