Gender, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Reading Disability in a Population-Based Birth Cohort

Yoshimasu, Kouichi; Barbaresi, William J.; Colligan, Robert C.; Killian, Jill M.; Voigt, Robert G.; Weaver, Amy L.; Katusic, Slavica K.

doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1187

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Sex differences in physiological and pathophysiological domains have been reported extensively in the literature (Wilson et al, 1981;Mendelsohn and Karas, 2005;Siegel et al, 2010). While controversial, differences have also been identified in socioemotional and cognitive abilities, including aggression (Archer, 2004), visuospatial ability (Voyer et al, 1995;Rilea et al, 2004), and verbal fluency (Halpern, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While controversial, differences have also been identified in socioemotional and cognitive abilities, including aggression (Archer, 2004), visuospatial ability (Voyer et al, 1995;Rilea et al, 2004), and verbal fluency (Halpern, 1992). Although socio-cultural influences certainly play an integral role, there is also evidence that underlying neurobiological mechanisms may drive these differences, including findings that parietal regions associated with visuospatial cognition differ between males and females, as do other anatomical structures related to emotion processing, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex (Gur et al, 2002;Neufang et al, 2009;Weickert et al, 2009;Hänggi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the X-Chromosome on Neuroanatomy: Evidence from Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes

Hong¹,

Hoeft

Marzelli

et al. 2014

J. Neurosci.

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Studies of sex effects on neurodevelopment have traditionally focused on animal models investigating hormonal influences on brain anatomy. However, more recent evidence suggests that sex chromosomes may also have direct upstream effects that act independently of hormones. Sex chromosome aneuploidies provide ideal models to examine this framework in humans, including Turner syndrome (TS), where females are missing one X-chromosome (45X), and Klinefelter syndrome (KS), where males have an additional X-chromosome (47XXY). As these disorders essentially represent copy number variants of the sex chromosomes, investigation of brain structure across these disorders allows us to determine whether sex chromosome gene dosage effects exist. We used voxel-based morphometry to investigate this hypothesis in a large sample of children in early puberty, to compare regional gray matter volumes among individuals with one (45X), two (typically developing 46XX females and 46XY males), and three (47XXY) sex chromosomes. Between-group contrasts of TS and KS groups relative to respective sex-matched controls demonstrated highly convergent patterns of volumetric differences with the presence of an additional sex chromosome being associated with relatively decreased parieto-occipital gray matter volume and relatively increased temporo-insular gray matter volumes. Furthermore, z-score map comparisons between TS and KS cohorts also suggested that this effect occurs in a linear dose-dependent fashion. We infer that sex chromosome gene expression directly influences brain structure in children during early stages of puberty, extending our understanding of genotype-phenotype mechanisms underlying sex differences in the brain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the X-Chromosome on Neuroanatomy: Evidence from Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes

Hong¹,

Hoeft

Marzelli

et al. 2014

J. Neurosci.

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“…23 We have previously described risk factors for ADHD, childhood comorbidities, treatment history, and educational outcomes through age 19 years for this cohort of ADHD cases. [27][28][29][30][31][32] However, no study to date has reported mortality rates in a population-based cohort of childhood ADHD cases followed into adulthood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mortality, ADHD, and Psychosocial Adversity in Adults With Childhood ADHD: A Prospective Study

Colligan²,

et al. 2013

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been viewed as a neurodevelopmental disorder, adversely affecting behavior and school performance, with studies suggesting increased risk for poor adult outcomes. However, no prospective studies have examined long-term outcomes of childhood ADHD in an epidemiologic sample.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Our epidemiologic study indicates that adults with childhood ADHD are at increased risk for death from suicide. ADHD persists into adulthood in 29.3% of childhood ADHD cases, and 56.9% have $1 psychiatric disorder other than ADHD. abstract OBJECTIVE: We examined long-term outcomes of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a population-based sample of childhood ADHD cases and controls, prospectively assessed as adults. METHODS:Adults with childhood ADHD and non-ADHD controls from the same birth cohort (N = 5718) were invited to participate in a prospective outcome study. Vital status was determined for birth cohort members. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were constructed to compare overall and cause-specific mortality between childhood ADHD cases and controls. Incarceration status was determined for childhood ADHD cases. A standardized neuropsychiatric interview was administered.RESULTS: Vital status for 367 childhood ADHD cases was determined: 7 (1.9%) were deceased, and 10 (2.7%) were currently incarcerated. The SMR for overall survival of childhood ADHD cases versus controls was 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-4.26; P = .13) and for accidents only was 1.70 (95% CI, 0.49-5.97; P = .41). However, the cause-specific mortality for suicide only was significantly higher among ADHD cases (SMR, 4.83; 95% CI, 1.14-20.46; P = .032). Among the childhood ADHD cases participating in the prospective assessment (N = 232; mean age, 27.0 years), ADHD persisted into adulthood for 29.3% (95% CI, 23.5-35.2). Participating childhood ADHD cases were more likely than controls (N = 335; mean age, 28.6 years) to have $1 other psychiatric disorder (56.9% vs 34.9%; odds ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.8-3.8; P , .01). CONCLUSIONS:Childhood ADHD is a chronic health problem, with significant risk for mortality, persistence of ADHD, and long-term morbidity in adulthood. Dr Barbaresi conceptualized and designed the study, drafted the initial manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted; Dr Colligan participated in the conceptualization, design, and conduct of the study, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted; Ms Weaver participated in the design of the study, carried out the initial analyses, revised and reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted; Dr Voigt participated in the design of the study, revised and reviewed the manuscript, and approved of the final manuscript as submitted; Ms Killian participated in the initial analyses, revised and reviewed the manuscript, and approved of the final manuscript as submitted; and Dr Katusic conceptualized and designed the stu...

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“…17,18 We also recently completed a study of incidence rates of RD among subjects with ADHD and control subjects, as well as according to gender. 19 In the current study, we evaluated the incidence rates of WLD (with and without RD), according to gender, among children with and without ADHD in the same population-based birth cohort.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Written-Language Disorder Among Children With and Without ADHD in a Population-Based Birth Cohort

Yoshimasu

Barbaresi

Colligan³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Previous studies have shown that written language among children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more impaired compared with children without ADHD. However, population-based epidemiological studies of the comorbidity between writtenlanguage disorder (WLD) and ADHD have never been conducted. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In this population-based birth cohort, ADHD was significantly associated with an increased risk of WLD for both boys and girls. However, the risk of WLD with reading disability associated with ADHD was significantly higher for girls than for boys. abstract OBJECTIVE: We determined the incidence of written-language disorder (WLD) among children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a population-based birth cohort. METHODS:Subjects included a birth cohort of all children born in 1976 -1982 who remained in Rochester, Minnesota, after 5 years of age (N ϭ 5718). Information from medical, school, and private tutorial records was abstracted. Cumulative incidences of WLD with or without reading disability (RD), identified with any of 3 formulas, among children with and without ADHD and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. RESULTS:For both genders, the cumulative incidence of WLD by 19 years of age was significantly higher for children with ADHD than for children without ADHD (boys: 64.5% vs 16.5%; girls: 57.0% vs 9.4%). The magnitude of association between ADHD and WLD with RD was significantly higher for girls than for boys (adjusted HR: girls: 9.8; boys: 4.2; P Ͻ .001). However, this was not true for WLD without RD (adjusted HR: girls: 7.4; boys: 6.6; P ϭ .64). CONCLUSIONS:ADHD is strongly associated with an increased risk of WLD (with or without RD) for both boys and girls. Girls with ADHD are at higher risk of having WLD with RD compared with boys with ADHD, whereas boys and girls are at the same risk of having WLD without RD.

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Gender, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Reading Disability in a Population-Based Birth Cohort

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

Influence of the X-Chromosome on Neuroanatomy: Evidence from Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes

Influence of the X-Chromosome on Neuroanatomy: Evidence from Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes

Mortality, ADHD, and Psychosocial Adversity in Adults With Childhood ADHD: A Prospective Study

Written-Language Disorder Among Children With and Without ADHD in a Population-Based Birth Cohort

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