Gender and Use of E-Government Services in Turkey

Abstract

This chapter investigates the relationship between gender and use of e-government services in Turkey. Based on household surveys, probit regression models are estimated to quantify determinants of e-government use for Turkish citizens. Empirical findings imply that there is a gender gap in use of e-government services. Turkish females are less likely to employ e-government tools compared to Turkish males. Household income, education level, being employed, and frequency of internet use are positively correlated with probability of e-government use for Turkish individuals. Finally, age demonstrates negative association with use of online government services. As the individual gets older, probability of using e-government platforms decreases. Thus, the digital divide prevails among Turkish citizens and should be addressed by policymakers.

Factors Influencing the Intention of University Students to Adopt and Use E-Government Services: An Empirical Evidence in China

“…Over the years, e-government adoption research has used the technology adoption theories or models, as its fundamental to understand citizens' behavior toward the adoption of e-government and its related applications around the globe. Some of these recent studies based on specific countries are Rufín, Bélanger, Molina, Carter, and Figueroa (2018; Spain and the United States); Maestre, Astudillo, Concha, and Nieto (2018;Colombia), Verkijika and De Wet (2018; sub-Saharan Africa); Jung (2019;Gambia); Mansoori, Sarabdeen, and Tchantchane (2018;Emirates); Abdullah, Naser, and Fayez (2018;Kuwait); Meacham, Rath, Moharana, Phalp, and Park (2019;Korea); and Kose (2019;Turkey). These adoption studies are an indication of the culture or country-specific nature of e-government services and the factors determining its adoption.…”

European regional inequalities in citizens’ digital interaction with government

“…But for Mensah and Mi (2019), the age and educational level variables are not viewed as decisive. Household income, employment, and the status of the respondent's residence: Szopi nski and Staniewski (2017) and Kose (2019) find significant correlations between these factors and a preference for using certain forms of eGov services. Digital skills and connectivity: Information/navigation skills and mobile skills are particularly significant (Ebbers et al, 2016).…”

“…Kose (2019) also identifies age as being negatively correlated with the use of online government services in Turkey: as the age of the individual increases, the probability of using eGov platforms decreases. But for Mensah and Mi (2019), the age and educational level variables are not viewed as decisive. Household income, employment, and the status of the respondent’s residence: Szopiński and Staniewski (2017) and Kose (2019) find significant correlations between these factors and a preference for using certain forms of eGov services. Digital skills and connectivity: Information/navigation skills and mobile skills are particularly significant (Ebbers et al , 2016). The lack of connectivity (bandwidth limitations) is also a parameter limiting eGov use (Rana et al , 2012).…”

“…As mentioned, Williams and Dwivedi (2007) find that age influences the adoption of eGov services. Kose (2019) also identifies age as being negatively correlated with the use of online government services in Turkey: as the age of the individual increases, the probability of using eGov platforms decreases. But for Mensah and Mi (2019), the age and educational level variables are not viewed as decisive.…”

Toward a Significant E-Voting Adoption Model

“…In Ghana, a developing country in Africa, Mensah and Mi's (2018b) study confirmed the direct impact of education, age, and gender on e-government services' adoption. Kose (2019) conducted a study in Turkey and found that household income, education level, and frequency of internet use were positively correlated with the probability of e-government use by Turkish citizens. However, age showed a negative relationship with e-government use.…”