Gender and Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue

Chang, Eric; Varghese, Mita; Singer, Kanakadurga

doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1031-3

Cited by 216 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Body fat distribution significantly differs between men and women [36][37][38]. Women have more SAT, whereas men have more abdominal VAT [16,[39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex- and Age-Related Differences in the Contribution of Ultrasound-Measured Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat to Fatty Liver Index in Overweight and Obese Caucasian Adults

Battezzati

Bedogni²,

Vignati

et al. 2019

Nutrients

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Differences in body fat distribution may be a reason for the sex-, age-, and ethnicity-related differences in the prevalence of fatty liver disease (FL). This study aimed to evaluate the sex- and age-related differences in the contribution of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) abdominal fat, measured by ultrasound, to fatty liver index (FLI) in a large sample of overweight and obese Caucasian adults, and to identify the VAT and SAT cut-off values predictive of high FL risk. A cross-sectional study on 8103 subjects was conducted. Anthropometrical measurements were taken and biochemical parameters measured. VAT and SAT were measured by ultrasonography. FLI was higher in men and increased with increasing age, VAT, and SAT. The sex*VAT, age*VAT, sex*SAT, and age*SAT interactions negatively contributed to FLI, indicating a lower VAT and SAT contribution to FLI in men and in the elderly for every 1 cm of increment. Because of this, sex- and age-specific cut-off values for VAT and SAT were estimated. In conclusion, abdominal adipose tissue depots are associated with FLI, but their contribution is sex- and age-dependent. Sex- and age-specific cut-off values of ultrasound-measured VAT and SAT are suggested, but they need to be validated in external populations.

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“…Body fat distribution significantly differs between men and women [36][37][38]. Women have more SAT, whereas men have more abdominal VAT [16,[39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex- and Age-Related Differences in the Contribution of Ultrasound-Measured Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat to Fatty Liver Index in Overweight and Obese Caucasian Adults

Battezzati

Bedogni²,

Vignati

et al. 2019

Nutrients

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“…Some studies have analyzed the effects of sex hormone levels on plasma lipid levels in children, and differences in HDL-C levels by sex during puberty have been related to the rise of testosterone levels in boys [ 51 ]. In addition, animal models have demonstrated that sex and sex hormones influence adipose tissue, gene expression profiles, regulating insulin resistance and lipolysis, as well as inflammatory tone and obesity [ 52 ]. Depending on sex, the level of specific sex hormones can improve or worsen metabolic dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on sex, the level of specific sex hormones can improve or worsen metabolic dysfunction. Estrogen generally provides a protective effect in females, while adequate androgen levels in males are important in promoting appropriate adiposity and metabolic status, and an increase of testosterone decreases abdominal obesity and the metabolic risk profile [ 52 ]. Indeed, a study that included healthy schoolchildren ranging from 12 to 15 years old showed that sex hormone-binding globulin levels were related to a decrease in HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I levels during puberty in boys and to a decrease in TG levels during puberty in both sexes [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols in Urine and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Reveals Gender Differences in Spanish Adolescents from the SI! Program

et al. 2020

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(1) Background: Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between polyphenol intake and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in adults, but few have provided information about adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between urinary total polyphenol excretion (TPE) and CVRFs in adolescents. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 1194 Spanish adolescents from the SI! (Salud Integral) program. TPE in urine samples was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, after solid-phase extraction, and categorized into quartiles. The association between TPE and CVRFs was estimated using mixed-effect linear regression and a structural equation model (SEM). (3) Results: Linear regression showed negative associations among the highest quartile of TPE and body fat percentage (B = −1.75, p-value = <0.001), triglycerides (TG) (B = −17.68, p-value = <0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (B = −8.66, p-value = 0.002), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C) (B = −4.09, p-value = 0.008) in boys, after adjusting for all confounder variables. Negative associations between TPE quartiles and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and TC were also found in girls. Moreover, a structural equation model revealed that TPE was directly associated with body composition and blood glucose and indirectly associated with blood pressure, TG, LDL-C, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in boys. (4) Conclusions: Higher concentrations of TPE were associated with a better profile of cardiovascular health, especially in boys, while in girls, the association was not as strong.

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“…Indeed, women had more SAT while men had more abdominal VAT. These results are also found in the literature …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Temporary contraindication of obese recipients in kidney transplantation: A new morphometric tool for decision support

Pinar

Renard

Bedretdinova

et al. 2020

Clinical Transplantation

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Background Morbid obesity, based on body mass index (BMI) and/or clinical examination, can be a temporary contraindication (TCI) of kidney transplantation. However, BMI alone does not evaluate the intra‐ or extra‐peritoneal distribution of fatty tissue, and clinical examination alone is subjective. The objective was to evaluate the interest of morphometric criteria to ensure reproducible and consensual decision of TCI. Methods We retrospectively included patients with a BMI >30 transplanted or temporarily contraindicated because of their weight from 2012 to 2017. The following measurements were performed on CT scan sections using a semiautomatic Hounsfield density detection software: subcutaneous adipose tissue surface (SAT), visceral adipose tissue surface (VAT), vessel‐to‐skin distance (VSK), abdominal perimeter (AP), and psoas index. Performance of morphometric measures to predict TCI was assessed through ROC analysis. Results Ninety‐seven patients were included: 76 kidney transplant recipients and 21 on the TCI list. The area under the curve (AUC, 95%CI) for the BMI model to predict TCI was 0.81 (0.72‐0.90). A 5‐variable model including BMI, VAT, VSK, AP, and age gave an AUC of 0.88 (0.78‐0.98). Conclusions Morphometric obesity parameters are associated with TCI decision‐making for kidney transplantation: When combined with BMI in a “morphometric tool,” they were predictive of a TCI decision.

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Gender and Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue

Cited by 216 publications

References 136 publications

Sex- and Age-Related Differences in the Contribution of Ultrasound-Measured Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat to Fatty Liver Index in Overweight and Obese Caucasian Adults

Sex- and Age-Related Differences in the Contribution of Ultrasound-Measured Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat to Fatty Liver Index in Overweight and Obese Caucasian Adults

Polyphenols in Urine and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Reveals Gender Differences in Spanish Adolescents from the SI! Program

Temporary contraindication of obese recipients in kidney transplantation: A new morphometric tool for decision support

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