Gender and Rural Non-Farm Entrepreneurship

Rijkers, Bob; Costa, Rita

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.017

Cited by 114 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Male managers generally are better educated than female managers, yet the authors do not find evidence that differences in human capital account for gender differences in firm performance. The authors also find no support for the hypothesis that gender productivity differences are due differential gender impacts in the local investment climate [191]. Further work is needed to understand fully the gender aspects of the rural non-farm economy in lower income countries.…”

Section: Investing In Womenmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In a study of survey data collected by the World Bank in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka, Rijkers and Costa [191] find that women are less likely than men to start a non-farm enterprise (with the exception of Ethiopia), women's enterprises tend to be small and home based, and firms operated by women are less productive, as measured by sales per worker (with the exception of Indonesia). Male managers generally are better educated than female managers, yet the authors do not find evidence that differences in human capital account for gender differences in firm performance.…”

Section: Investing In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Achieving Water and Food Security in 2050: Outlook, Policies, and Investments

Wichelns

2015

Agriculture

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Food production in 2050 will be sufficient, globally, but many of the poor will remain food insecure. The primary cause of food insecurity will continue to be poverty, rather than inadequate food production. Thus, policies and investments that increase the incomes of the poor will remain the best ways to extend food security to all. Investments that promote growth in sustainable agriculture and provide non-farm employment opportunities in rural areas of lower income countries will be most helpful. There will be sufficient water, globally, to achieve food production goals and sustain rural and urban livelihoods, if we allocate and manage the resource wisely. Yet, water shortages will constrain agricultural production and limit incomes and livelihood opportunities in many areas. Policies and investments are needed to extend and ensure access to water for household use and agricultural production. Challenges requiring the attention of policy makers and investors include increasing urbanization and increasing demands for land and water resources. Policy makers must ensure that farmers retain access to the water they need for producing food and sustaining livelihoods, and they must create greater opportunities for women in agriculture. They must also motivate investments in new technologies that will enhance crop and livestock production, particularly for smallholders, and encourage the private sector to invest in activities that create employment opportunities in rural areas.

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Section: Investing In Womenmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Investing In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Water and Food Security in 2050: Outlook, Policies, and Investments

Wichelns

2015

Agriculture

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“…Empirical evidence shows that in rural Africa, non-farm enterprise to a larger extent fulfils a risk management and survival function (Nagler and Naudé 2014; Rijkers and Costa 2012). In the same way, Whitehead and Kabeer (2001) and Ellis (2000) argue that as a result of previous experience with poor crop yields and food insecurity, households diversify in an attempt to spread the perceived risk of shocks on household consumption and other important household expenditure.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Rural Non-farm Enterprise In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the diversity and dynamism within non-farm activities as well as across countries, it is imperative to have in-depth, sector-specific and country-specific analysis based on good quality panel data, before any conclusive generalisations may be put forward. Haggblade et al (2010), Rijkers and Costa (2012) and Fox and Sohnesen (2016) argue that non-farm enterprises play an important role in the rural economy, and its relative contribution to household employment and income continues to rise across the African continent. Estimates by suggest that these enterprises are expected to employ about 15 per cent of Africa's labour force; they are also expected to create millions of jobs in rural Africa over the next decade (Fox and Pimhidzai 2013;Fox and Sohnesen 2016).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Rural Non-farm Enterprise In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Farm Enterprises and the Rural Youth Employment Challenge in Ghana

Lambon‐Quayefio

2017

IDS Bulletin

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Non-farm enterprises have generally been perceived as a silver bullet solution for rural unemployment. This article therefore provides some insights on their potential to resolve the youth unemployment challenge in rural Ghana. Non-farm enterprises in Ghana are heterogeneous in nature based on type of enterprise, range of activities and productivity. Evidence suggests that motivations for operating these enterprises are mixed. Some households operate them as a coping mechanism to deal with household or agricultural shocks, while others may also be operated as business entities with the potential to grow sustainably and offer employment to young people. In order to harness the full potential of non-farm enterprises to address the rural youth employment challenge, it is imperative for policymakers in Ghana to identify specific sub-sectors that lend themselves to growth and have the capacity to offer sustainable employment avenues, and to critically interrogate and examine the primary reason of their establishment.

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“…In a recent survey on Africa, it was found that approximately 42% of rural households operated non-farm enterprises (Nagler and Naudé, 2014) and between 40% and 50% of rural household income in Africa are estimated to be from rural non-farm enterprises (Rijkers and Costa, 2012;Haggblade et al, 2010). The non-farm economy is…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of choice of economic sector in the non-farm economy in Ghana

Owoo

2016

AJESD

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This paper examines the economic sector choice of individuals in the non-farm economy, using the 2012 Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS). The multinomial logit regression results indicate that factors that influence individuals' decisions to participate in the non-farm economy differ for the different sectors -manufacturing, wholesale/retail and services. This research emphasises the heterogeneous nature of choice and entry into various sectors of the non-farm economy in Ghana. From a policy perspective, the findings may signal the various policy measures that policy-makers may adopt in order to increase participation into a targeted sector, and promote long-term growth and development of the country.

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Gender and Rural Non-Farm Entrepreneurship

Cited by 114 publications

References 33 publications

Achieving Water and Food Security in 2050: Outlook, Policies, and Investments

Achieving Water and Food Security in 2050: Outlook, Policies, and Investments

Non-Farm Enterprises and the Rural Youth Employment Challenge in Ghana

Determinants of choice of economic sector in the non-farm economy in Ghana

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