Gender and Multigenerational Global Human Development

Abstract

In the context of a growing campaign to focus more international development efforts on women and girls, this article presents a pathways model of multigenerational global human development through an examination of gender and women as agents of development in the context of motherhood. As the vast majority of the world's women are mothers, issues related to motherhood are fundamental to addressing gender and development. Based on the United Nations' concept of human development and a review of the literature, we explore how women are uniquely effective development agents in that increases in women's access to income, education, and health often have higher potential payoffs compared with men in terms of the next generation and beyond. A human development paradigm that does not fully include women is both an injustice to half of the world's population and a missed opportunity for maximizing human development for both men and women in generations to come. Gender and development policies must consider the enhancement of human capacities for long-term improved quality of life, and they must address structural barriers to equality to not only allow women more opportunities in the public sphere but also to transform gender relations in the domestic sphere.

Comparative analysis of adolescent pregnancy causes in Tanzania: A comprehensive review of literature

“…From the exposure and our studies background, we believe that by any chance, once a young mother succeeds to obtain the fundamental aspect of human development (education, health, and income generation), it will produce reliable, lasting influence for Tanzania's poverty cutback endeavor (Reid & Shams 2013). Therefore, these three factors of human development will help us learn more and explore all the challenges that Tanzanian young/adolescent mothers face before and after pregnancy and the whole experience of young mothers are living in poverty.…”

“…According to Reid and Shams (2013), if you compare Tanzanian females and males, the females have more capability to be active progress agents when they get ways of earning more money and accessing education and health in developing their better living ideal in this research context. (Reid & Shams 2013).…”

“…According to Reid and Shams (2013), if you compare Tanzanian females and males, the females have more capability to be active progress agents when they get ways of earning more money and accessing education and health in developing their better living ideal in this research context. (Reid & Shams 2013). However, the findings show that this movement has not yet taken place or is not yet at the stage where women would get support even while pregnant, which makes this pregnancy situation serious in the development area.…”

Assessing Factors Accelerating Gender Inequality in Tanzania Education System: Mien of Imperative Government Policy for Development

“…The social, economic benefits of education known since time immemorial, also advantageous for the proper upbringing of societies education of girls and women phenomenal drawn upon passive of equal access (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2018). Gender equality needs intensification of avenues for the development focus on the various approach of access to and quality of education, both related to gender equality (Reid & Shams, 2013). Education remains the most fundamental human right for all people and nations, so equality of gender in education is critical for all ages (Simwaka, Theobald, Amekudzi, & Tolhurst, 2005).…”

An inquiry into the economic commonwealth of mineral resources: does ownership matter?

“…A high score for the gender gap variable implies higher gender equality. High equality for women is correlated with higher literacy among women, which results in empowerment, and is correlated with better quality of life indicators such as lower infant mortality, and higher life expectancy among other factors (Reid & Shams, 2013 and Control of Corruption. These variables have been used to account for governance.…”