Gender and Income Inequality

Sauer, Petra; Rehm, Miriam; Mader, Katharina

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_28-1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The same happens with the distribution of government transfers (e.g. child benefits) and even with joint taxation, where it is very difficult to identify how much goes to whom (notable exceptions are Avram andPopova, 2020 andSauer et al, 2020, but which are not exempt from the need for strong assumptions).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enforcing ‘Equal Pay for Equal Work’ in the EU: What would it take?

POLI¹,

MAIER²

2023

Preprint

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The European Parliament has approved new binding pay transparency measures to reinforce European Union´s commitment to the 1957 founding principle of `Equal Pay for Equal Work' at the workplace between women and men. In this paper, we shed new light on the prevalence of unequal pay for equal work, and its influence on the gender pay gap and the distribution of household income. We do so with harmonised microdata from the 27 EU countries, a novel estimation approach based on blocking with regression adjustments, and microsimulations to account for the interplay of tax-benefits. Our results suggest that, on average, women receive lower gross hourly wages than men performing similar work, with substantial cross-country variation. We also show that unequal pay is the main driver of the gender pay gap in most EU countries. Finally, we simulate a hypothetical upward shift of women's wages that would enforce this equal pay principle. This leads, ceteris paribus, to a substantial increase in household disposable income and government revenues (particularly strong in countries with low gender gaps at the extensive and intensive margin of labour market participation). We further discuss the implications of these distributional effects for income poverty and inequality. JEL Classification: J16, J31, J38, J78

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enforcing ‘Equal Pay for Equal Work’ in the EU: What would it take?

POLI¹,

MAIER²

2023

Preprint

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“…Accordingly, differences in earnings between occupational groups are justified if they can be attributed to individual skills and performance. This, however, presupposes that opportunities are equal for all, that performance is rewarded regardless of gender as well as ethnicity, social origin, and other factors, and that capitalist societies evaluate performance objectively based on free market laws (for a detailed analysis on the "hidden dimension" of gender see for instance Sauer et al 2021).…”

Section: The Principle Of Meritocracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vorstellungen von gerechten Löhnen für Berufe mit hohem und niedrigem Status

Eder

Höllinger

2023

Österreich Z Soziol

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In contemporary European societies, notions of earnings justice are based on the one hand, on the meritocratic principle, that people who perform better in their job should earn more; on the other hand, these notions are shaped by historically grown ideas of social justice which differ between countries. Against this backdrop, we examine what earnings gaps between high-status occupations (managers, cabinet ministers, doctors) and low-status jobs (shop assistants, unskilled workers) are considered as fair by the population of 14 Western and Eastern European countries. Analyses are based on survey data from the International Social Survey Programme. Comparing results for 2009 and 2019, we also analyze, whether notions of legitimate differences in earnings between occupational groups changed, in a period of increasing social inequality and precarious working conditions.

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“…From the point of view of measuring aggregate wealth inequality, measures of wealth inequality that treat the household as a single unit with intra-couple economic equality underestimate “true” inequality, unless wealth is distributed perfectly equally between partners within the household (Kanbur, 2018 ; De Vreyer & Lambert, 2020 ). However, several researchers claim that the assumption of equal sharing within a household is incomplete and misleading and emphasize instead the importance of an intra-household analysis of resource allocation (Chiappori & Meghir, 2015 ; Bütikofer & Gerfin, 2017 ; Sauer et al, 2021 ). This paper follows this approach and uses unique data on the intra-household distribution of wealth ownership in Austria to study gendered wealth inequality within couples, and how this is mediated by bargaining power.…”

Section: Gender and Wealthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-Couple Wealth Inequality: What’s Socio-Demographics Got to Do with it?

2022

Self Cite

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Existing literature shows that on average and across countries, men have higher levels of wealth than women. However, very little is known about the gender-specific wealth gap within couples. This paper studies this phenomenon for the first time in Austria. The particular focus of the paper is on the relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of the couple and the couple’s gender wealth gap. We focus on how age, education, marital status, fertility, migratory background, and the gender of the respondent are related to the wealth gap within a couple. In both bivariate and multivariate analyses, we find evidence in support of the hypothesis that bargaining power plays an important role in the intra-couple gender wealth gap in Austria. Immigrant women living in a couple with native men, and, among natives, couples in which the man is much older on average, have larger gender wealth gaps. Furthermore, couples in which the woman is the “financially most knowledgeable person” in the household have consistently lower gender wealth gaps.

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Gender and Income Inequality

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Enforcing ‘Equal Pay for Equal Work’ in the EU: What would it take?

Enforcing ‘Equal Pay for Equal Work’ in the EU: What would it take?

Vorstellungen von gerechten Löhnen für Berufe mit hohem und niedrigem Status

Intra-Couple Wealth Inequality: What’s Socio-Demographics Got to Do with it?

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