Gender and ethnicity: Perspectives on dual status

Reid, Pamela Trotman; Comas‐Díaz, Lillian

doi:10.1007/bf00288160

Cited by 125 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The term "double jeopardy" is traditionally used by scholars who emphasize the cumulative disadvantage that accrues to people with multiple subordinate-group identities (Almquist 1975;Cortina 2001;King 1988;Epstein 1973;Reid 1984). As research on racism, sexism, classism, homophobia, and disability has advanced, critics have argued that isolating any single one of these identities for study overlooks the experience of individuals with multiple subordinate identities (Reid and Comas-Diaz 1990;Smith and Stewart 1983). To correct this oversight, double jeopardy theorists explicitly focus their studies on people with more than one devalued identity (Browne and Misra 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Alternatively, researchers advocating an interactive model argue that each of a person's subordinate identities interact in a synergistic way. People experience these identities as one, and thus contend with discrimination as a multiply marginalized other (Crenshaw 1993;Carbado 2000a;Reid and Comas-Diaz 1990;Smith and Stewart 1983;Settles 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities

2008

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The hypothesis that possessing multiple subordinate-group identities renders a person "invisible" relative to those with a single subordinate-group identity is developed. We propose that androcentric, ethnocentric, and heterocentric ideologies will cause people who have multiple subordinategroup identities to be defined as non-prototypical members of their respective identity groups. Because people with multiple subordinate-group identities (e.g., ethnic minority woman) do not fit the prototypes of their respective identity groups (e.g., ethnic minorities, women), they will experience what we have termed "intersectional invisibility." In this article, our model of intersectional invisibility is developed and evidence from historical narratives, cultural representations, interest-group politics, and anti-discrimination legal frameworks is used to illustrate its utility. Implications for social psychological theory and research are discussed.If the most violent punishments of men consisted of floggings and mutilations, women were flogged and mutilated, as well as raped. (Davis 1981, p. 7) Without in any way underplaying the enormous problems that poor African American women face, I want to suggest that the burdens of African American men have always been oppressive, dispiriting, demoralizing, and soul-killing, whereas those of women have always been at least partly generative, empowering, and humanizing. (Patterson 1995 pp. 62-3)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities

2008

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“…Deaux's (1993) work reconstructing social identity to recognize multiple dimensions of social identity is another exception to the rule, as are numerous examples within feminist psychology. Though explicit mention of the term intersectionality is rare, feminist psychology has been far more progressive than mainstream psychology in recognizing the intersections between women's experiences of structural inequality based on race, gender, class, and sexual orientation (e.g., Greene 1997;Reid and Comas-Diaz 1990;Weber 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Black + Lesbian + Woman ≠ Black Lesbian Woman: The Methodological Challenges of Qualitative and Quantitative Intersectionality Research

2008

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“…Further, the focus is on the particular experiences of the members of the combined race/ethnicity and gender group (Hurtado & Stewart, 1997). The intersection of race and gender is particularly important for black women because of the complex political and social context in which they live in the US (Reid & Comas-Diaz, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of an Intersectional Framework to Understand Black Women’s Racial and Gender Identities

2006

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Eighty-nine black women's racial and gender identities were examined within an intersectional framework that emphasized their unique integration of these identities. Quantitative analyses indicated that the intersected blackwoman identity was more important than the individual identities of woman and black person. Further, interference in the black identity (but not interference in the woman identity) was related to lower self-esteem and depression. Qualitative analyses of rewards and difficulties experienced as black women identified four themes: stereotyping and discrimination, personal esteem, isolation from others, and opportunities and resources. Black women who mentioned any reward reported higher self-esteem than those who did not. The value of an intersectional framework for thinking about black women's identities is discussed.

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Gender and ethnicity: Perspectives on dual status

Cited by 125 publications

References 33 publications

Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities

Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities

When Black + Lesbian + Woman ≠ Black Lesbian Woman: The Methodological Challenges of Qualitative and Quantitative Intersectionality Research

Use of an Intersectional Framework to Understand Black Women’s Racial and Gender Identities

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