Gender and cardiovascular responses: What is the role of hostility?

Mortal Kombat (tm): The Effects of Violent Videogame Play on Males' Hostility and Cardiovascular Responding1

“…These correlations strengthen the conclusion that the noted changes are indeed the result of varying levels of videogame violence. As in the present study, SBP has often been found to correlate with measures of hostility (Diamond, 1982;Felsten & Leitten, 1993;Lawler et al, 1993). This leads to another question-Do violent videogames increase arousal, thereby increasing both CV and hostility, or do violent videogames increase hostility which in turn increases CV reactivity?…”

“…Different CV responses (e.g., SBP and DBP) are independent or at least only moderately correlated (e.g., Ballard, Cummings, & Larkin, 1993;Gunnar, 1987). In addition, SBP has more commonly been related to measures of hostility than has DBP (e.g., Lawler et al, 1993).…”

“…Treiber et al (1991) found that scores on hostility measures were related to BP reactivity to videogames in children. In addition, systolic blood pressure (SBP), in particular, is significantly related to reported levels of hostility, while diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is not (Felsten & Leitten, 1993;Lawler, Harralson, Armstead, & Schmied, 1993). And, Matthews, Rakaczky, Stoney, and Manuck (1 987) found that responding to behavioral stressors, including videogames, was stable across stimuli and across time among children.…”

Components of the Anger–hostility Complex as Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease Severity: A Multi-measure Study

“…Thereby these findings agree with those from other studies which have found an association between expressed anger and CAD severity (Siegman et al, 1987), CAD symptomatology (de Leon, 1992) and health outcomes such as myocardial infarction (Dembroski, MacDougall, Costa, & Grandits, 1989;de Leon, 1992) and sudden death . Our results also concur with those that have focused upon increased cardiovascular reactivity in anger-arousing situations and expressive angry vocal style (Siegman, Anderson, & Berger, 1990;Suarez & Williams, 1990) and in those where expressed anger has been measured via the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (Lawler, Harralson, Armstead, & Schmied, 1993;Siegman, Anderson, Herbst, Boyles, & Wilkinson, 1992), the Spielberger Anger Expression Scale (Burns, 1995), and the Structured Interview (SI) derived 'potential for hostility' (Everson, McKey, & Lovallo, 1995). The latter index is a recognized measure of anger expression (Miller et al, 1996) which has been found to be a significant CAD predictor in eight separate studies, including those from the prospective Western Collaborative Group Study (Carmelli et al, 1991;Hecker, Chesney, Black, & Frautschi, 1988;Houston, Chesney, Black, Cates, & Hecker, 1992;Matthews et al, 1977) and the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT; Dembroski et al, 1989).…”

The effect of expressing anger on cardiovascular reactivity and facial blood flow in Chinese and Caucasians

“…and 24 were of Chinese origin who had come to Australia from Singapore or Malaysia to undertake a university degree~mean age 23.0 6 2.2 years!. Men were selected as participants because cardiovascular responses typically are greater in angry men than women~Burns, 1995; Burns & Katkin, 1993;Lai & Linden, 1992;Lawler, Harralson, Armstead, & Schmied, 1993!. None of the participants were being treated for hypertension or other health problems that may have influenced cardiovascular activity.…”