Gender and Agroforestry in Africa: are women participating

Kiptot, Evelyne; Franzel, Steven

doi:10.5716/op16988

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Across Africa, women care for their families and are responsible for gathering firewood for cooking. Firewood scarcities are likely to increase their burden at a time when men are increasingly emigrating to towns and transferring their activities, such as small ruminant herding, to women (Djoudi & Brockhaus 2011, Kiptot & Franzel 2011 To safeguard livelihoods and reduce poverty among communities that are dependent on naturally growing plants, it is important that the species they depend on are sustainably managed. For woody species to be effectively managed and conserved, farmers must be involved because of two reasons.…”

Section: Ethnobotany Research and Applications 270mentioning

confidence: 99%

Important Woody Plant Species, Their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-county, Uganda

Tabuti

2012

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fields, the courtyard and home garden. Men own trees in the homestead, are more involved in tree management and selling of tree products, than women. IntroductionWoody species, i.e., trees and shrubs, are threatened in many different parts of the world (Augusseau et al. 2006). It is estimated that 10% of all tree species are threatened (Williams 1998). The highest rates of woody species loss are in the tropics (FAO 2009). Estimates suggest that in Uganda 0.9 -3.15% of the forested area disappears every year and that the forested areas have shrunk from 52 to 24%, in the last 100 years (NEMA 2002, UNDP 2007. The major causes of woody species loss are linked to rapid human population growth rates and poverty (Jha & Bawa 2006, FAO 2009). These drivers force people to harvest woody species using poor methods and at unsustainably high intensities; to expand crop agriculture into woody species habitats; and to shorten fallows that are Important Woody Plant Species, their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-county, UgandaJohn R.S. Tabuti Research AbstractWoody plant species are threatened in Uganda. To conserve these species there is need to generate information that may be used to design management plans. This study was conducted in Balawoli Sub-county, Kamuli District, Uganda between July 2009 and January 2010. We addressed four questions: (1) which woody species are most preferred? (2) what is the conservation status of these species and for which species have changes in local availability been observed? (3) what management practices exist for woody species? and (4) what tenure rights exist for woody plants? Data were generated through guided questionnaire interviews. Seventeen species are valued most within the community. These species are multipurpose and altogether have 25 different uses for the community. The most frequently harvested products are edible fruits, firewood and timber. The value of these species as a source of income is low. Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg, Albizia coriaria Welw. ex Oliv., Combretum molle R. Br. ex G. Don, Terminalia glaucescens Planch. ex Benth., Coffea spp., Combretum collinum Fresen. and Citrus spp. are becoming scarce. However, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Mangifera indica L., Ficus natalensis Hochst., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Acacia sp., Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Eucalyptus spp., Pinus spp., Carica papaya L. and Lantana camara L. are increasing in abundance. The main factors leading to the scarcity of some species include over-harvesting, destructive harvesting, pests, poor planting of trees by farmers, and droughts. The key factors contributing to some species' success are that the species are: planted, drought resistant, regenerate naturally, easy to manage, mature fast, available as seedlings. Farmers maintain 51 woody species that they plant or retain when found growing naturally on their land. Some farmers are constrained in planting trees by lack of seedlings, pest infestations, drought and lack of land. Species are managed in crop

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Section: Ethnobotany Research and Applications 270mentioning

confidence: 99%

Important Woody Plant Species, Their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-county, Uganda

Tabuti

2012

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“…for browse during the dry season (Tsegaye et al 2009 ), while households in Cameroon earn about 2629 USD per annum from Gnetum africanum Welw. sales (Kiptot & Franzel 2011). Woody plants also provide environmental services that benefit communities such as flood control (Chan et al 2006) or climate change mitigation and building resilience in vulnerable regions (Pacala & Socolow 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locally Preferred Woody Species and Their Management in Kiruhura and Arua Districts, Uganda

Nyamukuru¹,

Nabatanzi

Mpiira

et al. 2015

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Trees and shrubs are disappearing fast in anthropogenic landscapes of Uganda. In order to promote their conservation on-farm, there is need to involve farmers. Farmers' involvement in tree/shrub management requires a clear understanding of the households' needs that trees can satisfy, the priority species to satisfy these needs, as well as tree management practices and challenges that hinder tree planting. This study was carried out to satisfy these information needs and to also determine species that are locally threatened. The study was conducted in selected villages of Arua and Kiruhura districts between June and October 2012 using an ethnobotanical approach. Our results indicate that farmers value tree products to satisfy household welfare needs of accessing food (edible fruits), generating income, and accessing construction wood. The species are multi-purpose, and the most preferred are Eucalyptus spp., Mangifera indica L., Persea americana Mill., Carica papaya L., Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Annona senegalensis Pers., Pinus spp., and Tectona grandis L.f. Most farmers maintain trees on their land in courtyards, backyard gardens, or crop fields and ranches. Tree species are threatened by destructive harvesting and clearing land for agriculture. The key challenges to intensification of tree cultivation are livestock damage, land shortage, drought, and lack of financial resources. Farmers suggested that in order to strengthen tree planting, they should be provided with inputs including seedlings, chemicals, and tools. In conclusion farmers prefer exotic tree species to satisfy household needs. Intensification of tree management will need to address a number of challenges identified in this study. Published: 20 January 2015 Ethnobotany Research & Applications 50http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/era.14.0.049-061 among people who rely on them to satisfy their needs and welfare (Shackleton et al. 2001), and loss of tree cover needs to be slowed down by actions that include growing and maintaining trees on-farm.Effective tree growing requires full participation of farmers. This is important because farmers own important resources for tree growing such as land. Furthermore, farmers make decisions regarding which species to maintain on their land based on assessments of how much they will benefit from growing a particular species and how such a species fits in the household's labor and input requirements (Dalle & Potvin 2004, Scherr 1995, Simons & Leakey 2004, Warner 1994. To enhance and encourage wider tree planting on-farm by farmers, therefore, the species that they value and which they want to grow and are ready to manage should be identified for wide-scale planting with scientific inputs and management practices (Dalle & Potvin 2004, Kahurananga et al. 1993. These are usually trees that satisfy household needs but which also have market potential and from which farmers can earn incomes to provide alternative sources of livelihood (Akinnifesi et al. 2008,...

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“…Gender aspects relate directly to men's and women's roles and responsibilities in the farming household and to decisions about allocating resources or adopting technologies in farming systems. For example, in Africa, wide gender disparities exist over ownership and management of land, trees and other resources; certain crops, trees, or parts of them, or necessary management activities, are often specifically attributed to or used by either women or men (Carr 2008;Doss 2002;Kiptot and Franzel 2011;Schroeder 1993).…”

Section: Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Social Equity and Innovations in Smallholder Farming Systems: Pitfalls and Pathways

Beuchelt

2016

Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development

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Development processes, economic growth and agricultural modernization affect women and men in different ways and have not been gender neutral. Women are highly involved in agriculture, but their contribution tends to be undervalued and overseen. Sustainable agricultural innovations may include trade-offs and negative side-effects for women and men, or different social groups, depending on the intervention type and local context. Promising solutions are often technology-focused and not necessarily developed with consideration of gender and social disparity aspects. This paper presents cases of gender and social equity tradeoffs related to the promotion and diffusion of improved technologies for agricultural development.The analysis is followed by a discussion of opportunities and pathways for mitigating potential trade-offs.

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Gender and Agroforestry in Africa: are women participating

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

Important Woody Plant Species, Their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-county, Uganda

Important Woody Plant Species, Their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-county, Uganda

Locally Preferred Woody Species and Their Management in Kiruhura and Arua Districts, Uganda

Gender, Social Equity and Innovations in Smallholder Farming Systems: Pitfalls and Pathways

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