Gender‐ and Age‐Related Differences of Ocular Biometric Parameters in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine the distribution and mutual relationship of ocular biometric parameters, as well as to evaluate gender- and age-related differences in patients undergoing cataract surgery in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Materials and Methods. It was a retrospective cross-sectional study of consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery between January 2017 and December 2021 in a tertiary care clinic. All biometric measurements were performed using the optical biometer OA-2000 (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). Results. The study evaluated 1278 eyes from 1278 consecutive cataract patients. The average age of all included patients was 69.4 ± 9.98 (range 40–96). A total of 672 eyes (52.58%) were from females. The mean axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and mean keratometry were 23.46 ± 1.18 mm, 3.17 ± 0.40 mm, 4.54 ± 0.48 mm, and 43.42 ± 1.55D, respectively. Corneal astigmatism of ≥1D, >2D and >3D was found in 33.4%, 7.8% and 2.5% patients, respectively. Females were found to have shorter AL ( p < 0.0001), shallower ACD ( p < 0.0001) and steeper corneas ( p < 0.0001). In both genders, AL, ACD and with the rule astigmatism showed a decreasing trend ( p = 0.0001), while keratometry, the average cylinder, and against the rule astigmatism showed an increasing trend ( p = 0.0001) with increasing age. Furthermore, in both genders, there was an increasing trend in ACD ( p = 0.0001), and a decreasing trend in keratometry ( p = 0.0001) and LT ( p = 0.0001) with increasing AL. Conclusions. This study provides useful reference data on ocular biometry for cataract surgeons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Female patients tend to have steeper corneas, shorter AL and shallower AC than males, and these differences are independent of age or AL.

Ocular biometric characteristics of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery

“…A study in Texas showed differences in ACD among patients from Hispanic and non-Hispanic white races with cataracts, and this ethnic difference may be a risk factor for developing corneal endothelial damage after cataract surgery [16] . The research involving patients with cataracts from Bosnia and Herzegovina and India's Northeast region showed differences in AL, ACD, and keratometry between sexes [13,17] .…”

“…Therefore, identifying these differences in ocular biometric parameters is useful for assessing the status of associated ocular diseases and guiding surgical and postoperative care. Relevant studies have been conducted in countries such as the United States, Spain, South Korea, and Bosnia and Herzegovina [9][10][11][12][13] ; however, most of them are limited to a single ethnic group in a single region. Owing to the differences in measuring instruments and patient inclusion criteria, it is difficult to compare ocular biometric parameters between ethnic groups.…”