Gender and age influence blood folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and homocysteine levels in European adolescents: the Helena Study

González‐Gross, Marcela; Benser, Jasmin; Breidenassel, Christina; Albers, Ulrike; Huybrechts, Inge; Valtueña, Jara; Spinneker, André; Segoviano, Miriam; Widhalm, Kurt; Molnár, Denés; Moreno, Luís A.; Stehle, Peter; Pietrzik, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.016

Cited by 60 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The role of estrogens in the protection against hyperhomocysteinemia is also speculated [27]. Folic acid concentrations were also inversely related to age in other studies with adolescents [22,26]. Moreover, homocysteine concentrations increased along with aging in our study, which was also confirmed by other authors [22,24,28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In adolescence, hyperhomocysteinemia and lipid profile alterations are known as independent risk factors for CVD [22,23]. The mechanisms involved in the atherogenic process related to the increase of homocysteine blood concentrations include higher oxidative stress, reduction of HDL production [8] as well as conformational and oxidative alterations in LDL particles [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The MTHFR C677T Polymorphism Is Related to Plasma Concentration of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Adolescents with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Morais¹,

Alves²,

Augusto³

et al. 2015

Lifestyle Genomics

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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate possible relationships among the A1298C (rs1801131) and C677T (rs1801133) polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and levels of homocysteine, vitamins B₆, B₁₂, folic acid and lipid profile, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), of adolescents at cardiovascular risk. Methods: We recruited 115 adolescents (10-19 years old), 58.3% (n = 67) female, from a public school in Brazil who underwent anthropometric, biochemical and genetic tests as well as food consumption evaluation. Results: An important prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (19.1%) and alterations in triacylglycerol (17.4%), total cholesterol (26.9%) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (48.0%) concentrations were observed, as well as low vitamin B₆ concentrations (23.5%). The categorization of homocysteine concentrations into tertiles revealed significant differences in serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B₁₂ and HDL, waist circumference and intake of total and saturated fat among the tertiles. The presence of variant alleles regarding the MTHFR C677T polymorphism interfered with vitamin B₆ and ox-LDL cholesterol concentrations. There was a trend for higher waist circumference values in T carriers (C677T), but not in C carriers (A1298C). Conclusions: The MTHFR C677T allele was associated with higher plasma vitamin B₆ and ox-LDL compared to the CC genotype.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MTHFR C677T Polymorphism Is Related to Plasma Concentration of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Adolescents with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Morais¹,

Alves²,

Augusto³

et al. 2015

Lifestyle Genomics

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“…Consequently, normative values are often established from patient data or are based on defunct methods. Although recent initiatives such as the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER), 5 the Nordic Reference Interval Project, and others, have made great strides in establishing up-to-date reference intervals for disease biomarkers, major challenges still persist, including participant recruitment and cost (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Reference Values for Endocrine and Special Chemistry Biomarkers across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND Defining laboratory biomarker reference values in a healthy population and understanding the fluctuations in biomarker concentrations throughout life and between sexes are critical to clinical interpretation of laboratory test results in different disease states. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) has collected blood samples and health information from the Canadian household population. In collaboration with the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER), the data have been analyzed to determine reference value distributions and reference intervals for several endocrine and special chemistry biomarkers in pediatric, adult, and geriatric age groups. METHODS CHMS collected data and blood samples from thousands of community participants aged 3 to 79 years. We used serum samples to measure 13 immunoassay-based special chemistry and endocrine markers. We assessed reference value distributions and, after excluding outliers, calculated age- and sex-specific reference intervals, along with corresponding 90% CIs, according to CLSI C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS We observed fluctuations in biomarker reference values across the pediatric, adult, and geriatric age range, with stratification required on the basis of age for all analytes. Additional sex partitions were required for apolipoprotein AI, homocysteine, ferritin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS The unique collaboration between CALIPER and CHMS has enabled, for the first time, a detailed examination of the changes in various immunochemical markers that occur in healthy individuals of different ages. The robust age- and sex-specific reference intervals established in this study provide insight into the complex biological changes that take place throughout development and aging and will contribute to improved clinical test interpretation.

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“…Based on data from NDNS in the UK, the 5 th and the 95 th percentiles of plasma tHcy concentration were 3.0-8.6 μmol/L for children aged 4-10 years (n = 320), 3.7-10.7 μmol/L for children aged 10-14 years (n = 268) and 4.7-15.3 for girls (n = 132) and 4.6-12.8 μmol/L for boys (n = 117) aged 15-18 years (Kerr et al, 2009). Reference values for plasma tHcy for older children were derived from 552 female and 498 male participants aged 12.5-17.5 years in the HELENA study (Gonzalez-Gross et al, 2012). The 5 th and the 95 th percentiles for girls and boys were 3.8 and 11.6 and 4.2 and 14.1 μmol/L, respectively.…”

Section: Plasma Total Homocysteine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for cobalamin (vitamin B12)

Products¹

2015

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for cobalamin (vitamin B12). The Panel considers that the approach based on a combination of biomarkers of cobalamin status, i.e. serum cobalamin, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), methylmalonic acid (MMA) and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), is the most suitable approach to derive DRVs for cobalamin. The Panel notes the uncertainties with respect to cut-off values for cobalamin insufficiency of these indicators and that an Average Requirement (AR) cannot be determined from the limited data available. There is consistent evidence in adults that a cobalamin intake of 4 µg/day and greater is associated with serum concentrations of holoTC and cobalamin within the reference ranges derived from healthy subjects, together with MMA and tHcy concentrations below the cut-off values for adults, which indicates an adequate cobalamin status. Therefore, the Panel sets an Adequate Intake (AI) for cobalamin at 4 µg/day for adults based on data on different biomarkers of cobalamin status and in consideration of observed mean intakes, which range between 4.2 and 8.6 μg/day in adults in several EU countries. AIs for infants and children are calculated by extrapolation from the AI for adults using allometric scaling and applying a growth factor. Estimated AIs range from 1.5 µg/day in infants aged 7-11 months to 4 µg/day in children aged 15-17 years. For pregnancy and lactation, additional cobalamin intakes related to the accumulation of cobalamin in fetal tissues and transfer of cobalamin into breast milk are considered and AIs of 4.5 and 5 µg/day, respectively, are proposed. Cobalamin is a metal complex with a central cobalt atom bonded to six ligands. The upper or β-axial ligand varies (R-group: cyano-, hydroxo-, aquo-, methyl-or adenosyl-group), giving rise to the correspondingly named chemical forms of the vitamin. In humans, two reactions are known to require cobalamin as coenzyme. One is the rearrangement of methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to succinylCoA in propionate metabolism by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in mitochondria. The other is the cytosolic transmethylation of homocysteine by 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate to methionine by methionine synthase. The most frequent clinical expression of cobalamin deficiency is megaloblastic anaemia. Independent of megaloblastic anaemia, neurological dysfunction is another clinical feature of cobalamin deficiency. Cobalamin insufficiency is characterised by biochemical abnormalities, such as elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) and/or methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in blood resulting from impaired cobalamin metabolic activity, with no specific clinical symptoms. © EuropeanCobalamin absorption consists of several steps, including its release from proteins, its binding by gastric intrinsic factor and the absorption of intrinsic factor-cobalamin complexes through receptormediated endocytosis in the terminal ileum. Fractional absor...

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Gender and age influence blood folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and homocysteine levels in European adolescents: the Helena Study

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

The <b><i>MTHFR</i></b> C677T Polymorphism Is Related to Plasma Concentration of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Adolescents with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

The <b><i>MTHFR</i></b> C677T Polymorphism Is Related to Plasma Concentration of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Adolescents with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Complex Reference Values for Endocrine and Special Chemistry Biomarkers across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for cobalamin (vitamin B12)

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