Gender, Abuse, and Functional Movement Disorders: From His‐story to the Future

Edwards, Mark J.; Aybek, Selma

doi:10.1002/mdc3.12887

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In line with previous studies on FND, the majority of patients in this study were represented by females. There is currently no clear scientific explanation for the differences in gender prevalence favoring females but it can be argued that neurobiological, hormonal, cultural, social, and previous history of psychological or sexual trauma may be relevant contributors (Baizabal-Carvallo and Jankovic, 2020; Edwards and Aybek, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Inhibitory Imbalance in Functional Paralysis

Benussi

Premi

Cantoni

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Background: Functional neurological disorders are characterized by neurological symptoms that have no identifiable pathology and little is known about their underlying pathophysiology. Objectives: To analyze motor cortex excitability and intracortical inhibitory and excitatory circuits' imbalance in patients with flaccid functional weakness. Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients with acute onset of flaccid functional weakness were recruited. Single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols were used to analyze resting motor thresholds (RMT) and intracortical inhibitory (short interval intracortical inhibition-SICI) and excitatory (intracortical facilitation-ICF) circuits' imbalance between the affected and nonaffected motor cortices. Results: We observed a significant increase in RMT and SICI in the affected motor cortex (p < 0.001), but not for ICF, compared to the contralateral unaffected side. Conclusion: This study extends current knowledge of functional weakness, arguing for a specific central nervous system abnormality which may be involved in the symptoms' pathophysiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Inhibitory Imbalance in Functional Paralysis

Benussi

Premi

Cantoni

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…3 However, historical biases may make physicians more likely to diagnose FND in women than in men, despite similar symptom profiles. 61 This longstanding bias is exemplified in the different terminology used to describe symptoms of 'hysteria' in women and men. Showalter discusses how the concept of hysteria represented an unwanted fragility that was unacceptable for men, "hysteria in men has always been regarded as a shameful, 'effeminate' disorder".…”

Section: Historical Narrativementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, historical biases may make physicians more likely to diagnose FND in women than in men, despite similar symptom profiles 61. This longstanding bias is exemplified in the different terminology used to describe symptoms of ‘hysteria’ in women and men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional neurological disorder is a feminist issue

McLoughlin

Hoeritzauer

Cabreira

et al. 2023

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

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Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and disabling disorder, often misunderstood by clinicians. Although viewed sceptically by some, FND is a diagnosis that can be made accurately, based on positive clinical signs, with clinical features that have remained stable for over 100 years. Despite some progress in the last decade, people with FND continue to suffer subtle and overt forms of discrimination by clinicians, researchers and the public. There is abundant evidence that disorders perceived as primarily affecting women are neglected in healthcare and medical research, and the course of FND mirrors this neglect. We outline the reasons why FND is a feminist issue, incorporating historical and contemporary clinical, research and social perspectives. We call for parity for FND in medical education, research and clinical service development so that people affected by FND can receive the care they need.

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Gender, Abuse, and Functional Movement Disorders: From His‐story to the Future

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Cortical Inhibitory Imbalance in Functional Paralysis

Cortical Inhibitory Imbalance in Functional Paralysis

Functional neurological disorder is a feminist issue

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