Geminivirus DNA replication

Gutiérrez, Crisanto

doi:10.1007/s000180050433

Cited by 252 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…These relatively simple pathogens amplify their genomes in the nuclei of host cells by a rolling-circle replication mechanism that uses double-stranded DNA intermediates as replication and transcription templates (Bisaro, 1996;Gutierrez, 1999;Hanley-Bowdoin et al, 1999). Because geminiviruses do not encode a DNA or RNA polymerase, viral replication and transcription depend almost entirely on cellular machinery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine Kinase Is Inactivated by Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins

Wang¹,

Hao²,

et al. 2003

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AL2 and L2 are related proteins encoded by geminiviruses of the Begomovirus and Curtovirus genera, respectively. Both are pathogenicity determinants that cause enhanced susceptibility when expressed in transgenic plants. To understand how geminiviruses defeat host mechanisms that limit infectivity, we searched for cellular proteins that interact with AL2 and L2. Here, we present evidence that the viral proteins interact with and inactivate adenosine kinase (ADK), a nucleoside kinase that catalyzes the salvage synthesis of 5 -AMP from adenosine and ATP. We show that the AL2 and L2 proteins inactivate ADK in vitro and after coexpression in Escherichia coli and yeast. We also demonstrate that ADK activity is reduced in transgenic plants expressing the viral proteins and in geminivirus-infected plant tissues. By contrast, ADK activity is increased after inoculation of plants with diverse RNA viruses or a geminivirus lacking a functional L2 gene. Consistent with its ability to interact with multiple cellular kinases, we also demonstrate that AL2 is present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of infected plant cells. These data indicate that ADK is targeted by viral pathogens and provide evidence that this "housekeeping" enzyme might be a part of host defense responses. In previous work, we showed that AL2 and L2 also interact with and inactivate SNF1 kinase, a global regulator of metabolism that is activated by 5 Ј -AMP. Together, these observations suggest that metabolic alterations mediated by SNF1 are an important component of innate antiviral defenses and that the inactivation of ADK and SNF1 by the geminivirus proteins represents a dual strategy to counter this defense. AL2 proteins also have been shown to act as suppressors of RNA silencing, an adaptive host defense response. A possible relationship between ADK inactivation and silencing suppression is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine Kinase Is Inactivated by Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins

Wang¹,

Hao²,

et al. 2003

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“…The dsDNA is used as a substrate in which 13 -16 superhelical turns are introduced by association with histone octamers (Pilartz and Jeske 1992), much in the same way as it occurs with SV40 DNA. In the second stage, new viral ssDNA molecules are produced by a rollingcircle mechanism (Gutierrez 1999;Saunders 2008). The viral initiator protein (Rep) is a multifunctional protein with origin-specific DNA binding, homo-and heteroligomerization, and helicase and endonuclease activities (reviewed in Jeske 2009).…”

Section: Geminivirus Dna Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating DNA Replication in Plants

Sánchez

Costas

Sequeira-Mendes

et al. 2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

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Chromosomal DNA replication in plants has requirements and constraints similar to those in other eukaryotes. However, some aspects are plant-specific. Studies of DNA replication control in plants, which have unique developmental strategies, can offer unparalleled opportunities of comparing regulatory processes with yeast and, particularly, metazoa to identify common trends and basic rules. In addition to the comparative molecular and biochemical studies, genomic studies in plants that started with Arabidopsis thaliana in the year 2000 have now expanded to several dozens of species. This, together with the applicability of genomic approaches and the availability of a large collection of mutants, underscores the enormous potential to study DNA replication control in a whole developing organism. Recent advances in this field with particular focus on the DNA replication proteins, the nature of replication origins and their epigenetic landscape, and the control of endoreplication will be reviewed.

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“…These viruses have circular, single-stranded, monopartite or bipartite DNA genomes replicating in the nucleus through a combination of rolling-circle and recombination-mediated mechanisms (Gutierrez, 1999;Preiss and Jeske, 2003). Based on genome organization and number of components, the type of vector and host plants, seven geminivirus genera (Mastrevirus, Curtovirus, Topocuvirus, Becurtovirus, Eragrovirus, Turncurtovirus and Begomovirus) have been identified that comprise most of the known species (Brown et al, 2012;Fauquet et al, 2008;Varsani et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and molecular characterization of a novel monopartite geminivirus associated with mulberry mosaic dwarf disease

Navarro

Zhang

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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High-throughput sequencing of small RNAs allowed the identification of a novel DNA virus in a Chinese mulberry tree affected by a disease showing mosaic and dwarfing symptoms. Rollingcircle amplification and PCR with specific primers, followed by sequencing of eleven independent full-length clones, showed that this virus has a monopartite circular DNA genome (,2.95 kb) containing ORFs in both polarity strands, as reported previously for geminiviruses. A field survey showed the close association of the virus with diseased mulberries, so we tentatively named the virus mulberry mosaic dwarf-associated virus (MMDaV). The MMDaV genome codes for five and two putative proteins in the virion-sense and in the complementarysense strands, respectively. Although three MMDaV virion-sense putative proteins did not share sequence homology with any protein in the databases, functional domains [coiled-coil and transmembrane (TM) domains] were identified in two of them. In addition, the protein containing a TM domain was encoded by an ORF located in a similar genomic position in MMDaV and in several other geminiviruses. As reported for members of the genera Mastrevirus and Becurtovirus, MMDaV replication-associated proteins are expressed through the alternative splicing of an intron, which was shown to be functional in vivo. A similar intron was found in the genome of citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CCDaV), a divergent geminivirus found recently in citrus. On the basis of pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, CCDaV and MMDaV appear to be closely related to each other, thus supporting their inclusion in a putative novel genus in the family Geminiviridae.

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Geminivirus DNA replication

Cited by 252 publications

References 142 publications

Adenosine Kinase Is Inactivated by Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins

Adenosine Kinase Is Inactivated by Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins

Regulating DNA Replication in Plants

Identification and molecular characterization of a novel monopartite geminivirus associated with mulberry mosaic dwarf disease

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