Gemini surfactants from alkyl glucosides

“…b) Groûe Unterschiede gibt es bei der Art des Spacers, der entweder kurz (zwei Methylengruppen) oder lang (12 Methylengruppen), starr (Stilben) oder beweglich (Methylenkette) und polar (Polyether) oder unpolar (aliphatisch, aromatisch) sein kann. c) Die polare Gruppe kann entweder positiv geladen (Ammoniumgruppe), negativ geladen (Phosphat-, Sulfat-, Carboxylatgruppe) oder nichtionisch (Polyether, Zucker [18] ) sein. d) Zwar ist die Mehrzahl der Gemini-Tenside aus zwei identischen polaren Gruppen und zwei identischen Ketten aufgebaut, doch sind auch unsymmetrische Gemini-Tenside bekannt.…”

Section: Strukturunclassified

Gemini-Tenside

Menger

Keiper

2000

Angewandte Chemie

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“…Hydroxyls 4-and 6-were protected as a benzylidene acetal 35, and selective activation of O-2 was achieved via a stannylidene derivative 36, readily obtained in 10 minutes in a microwave reactor. 7 After coupling with the diacyl chlorides and deprotection, compounds 40-42 were isolated. No traces of tin species were detected on these final products.…”

Section: Synthetic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecologically safe sugar-based gemini surfactants

Castro¹,

Kovensky²,

Cirelli³

2006

Arkivoc

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Gemini surfactants have appeared in the early 1990s as a new type of surfactants with two polar heads and two alkyl tails linked by an spacer. These structural feature give to these type of surfactants unprecedented and better interfacial properties in comparison with their monomeric counterparts. Alkyl glycosides are monomeric non-ionic surfactants prepared in industrial scale from fatty alcohols and carbohydrates. They are gradually replacing the non-ionic surfactants derived from petrochemical materials. The interesting properties of gemini surfactants prompted us ten years ago to design and synthesize gemini surfactants from alkyl glucoside. Butyl, octyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl glucosides were prepared and linked through O-6 or O-2 via succinyl, glutaryl and terephthloyl spacers. The effect of the position of the linkage, the anomeric configuration of the glucoside, the spacer functionality and the spacer type (rigid or flexible) on the interfacial properties were analized. The physico-chemical parameters of these gemini surfactants were compared with those of their monomeric conterparts. Synergist effects were studied. Molecular modelling and inverse micelle formation are summarized.

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Gemini surfactants from alkyl glucosides

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Structure-Properties Relationship of Dimeric Surfactants from Butyl Glucosides

Structure-Properties Relationship of Dimeric Surfactants from Butyl Glucosides

Gemini-Tenside

Ecologically safe sugar-based gemini surfactants

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