Abstract:Cationic gemini surfactants are an important class of surface-active compounds that exhibit much higher surface activity than their monomeric counterparts. This type of compound architecture lends itself to the compound being easily adsorbed at interfaces and interacting with the cellular membranes of microorganisms. Conventional cationic surfactants have high chemical stability but poor chemical and biological degradability. One of the main approaches to the design of readily biodegradable and environmentally… Show more
“…The structure of the alanine-derived gemini quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), synthesized at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Wroclaw, Poland, as described previously [16] is shown in Fig. 1.Fig.…”
Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To investigate whether the antimicrobial activity depends on the head group structure, a series of gemini QAS (with different alkyl chain and spacer lengths) that mimic alanine was synthesized [16]. In the present study we investigate their biological activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as anti-adhesive and biofilm dislodging capacities.…”
The antibacterial activity of alanine-derived gemini quaternary ammonium salts (chlorides and bromides) with various spacer and alkyl chain lengths was investigated. The studied compounds exhibited a strong bactericidal effect, especially bromides with 10 and 12 carbon alkyl chains and 3 carbon spacer groups (TMPAL-10 Br and TMPAL-12 Br), with a short contact time. Both salts dislodged biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and were lethal to adherent cells of S. epidermidis. Bromide with 2 carbon spacer groups and 12 carbon alkyl chains (TMEAL-12 Br) effectively reduced microbial adhesion by coating polystyrene and silicone surfaces. The results obtained suggest that, after further studies, gemini QAS might be considered as antimicrobial agents in medicine or industry.
“…The structure of the alanine-derived gemini quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), synthesized at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Wroclaw, Poland, as described previously [16] is shown in Fig. 1.Fig.…”
Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To investigate whether the antimicrobial activity depends on the head group structure, a series of gemini QAS (with different alkyl chain and spacer lengths) that mimic alanine was synthesized [16]. In the present study we investigate their biological activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as anti-adhesive and biofilm dislodging capacities.…”
The antibacterial activity of alanine-derived gemini quaternary ammonium salts (chlorides and bromides) with various spacer and alkyl chain lengths was investigated. The studied compounds exhibited a strong bactericidal effect, especially bromides with 10 and 12 carbon alkyl chains and 3 carbon spacer groups (TMPAL-10 Br and TMPAL-12 Br), with a short contact time. Both salts dislodged biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and were lethal to adherent cells of S. epidermidis. Bromide with 2 carbon spacer groups and 12 carbon alkyl chains (TMEAL-12 Br) effectively reduced microbial adhesion by coating polystyrene and silicone surfaces. The results obtained suggest that, after further studies, gemini QAS might be considered as antimicrobial agents in medicine or industry.
“…One approach is to introduce an easily cleavable bond into the surfactant structure. Seemingly, for most surfactants containing easily cleavable bonds, the values for ultimate decomposition are higher than those for the corresponding surfactants lacking the weak bond [9] [10]. An important example of such cleavable surfactants is the esterquats, which are surfactants with an ester bond inserted between the polar quaternary ammonium head group and the hydrophobic tail of the surfactant [11].…”
Two biodegradable quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized and used as cationic collectors in processing iron ores by froth flotation. The flotation behaviors of iron minerals with the new biodegradable quaternary ammonium collectors were investigated by micro-flotation tests of quartz (SiO 2 ) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). It was observed that the new biodegradable collectors were effective in separating quartz from magnetite by flotation. At the collector concentration of 1 × 10 −4 mol/L, the recovery of quartz using the M301 and M302 collectors can reach its maximum of 67.97% and 91.18%, respectively. For a wide pH range, they also show good selectivity. By the measuring zeta potentials of the new quaternary ammonium salts, the results show that quaternary ammonium salt is preferred to adsorb on the surface of quartz. The two quaternary ammonium collectors are also determined as readily biodegradable collectors, according to the OECD301B evaluation standard.
“…Estas moléculas desorganizan la disposición normal de la membrana celular o la envoltura de los distintos agentes infecciosos, uniéndose en forma irreversible a los fosfolípidos y las proteínas de esta estructura 86 . De esta manera provocan alteración de su permeabilidad, salida del material vital citoplasmático y la liberación de diversos metabolitos a la célula microbiana que interfieren directamente en su cadena respiratoria o metabolismo energético.…”
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