Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Rus, Iulia; Pusta, Alexandra; Tertiş, Mihaela; Barbălată, Cristina; Tomuță, Ioan; Săndulescu, Robert; Cristea, Cécilia

doi:10.3390/ph14090912

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Amperometric sensing of gemcitabine (pyrimidine analog) carried out on a bare boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) allowed the drug detection with a relatively low LOD value of 570.0 nM. [120] Although gemcitabine was stated to be not electrochemically oxidizable or reducible on bare GCE, [121] its direct detection was possible on GCE modified with ERGO and bismuth NPs. [122] Better parameters (LOD of 9.0 nM) were achieved on bare CPE in the presence of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), [123] and MIP sensor based on dsDNA, silver NPs (AgNPs), and MWCNTs (LOD of 12.5 nM).…”

Section: Aunpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry as a Powerful Tool for Investigations of Antineoplastic Agents: A Comprehensive Review

Brycht

Półtorak

Baluchová

et al. 2022

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Cancer is most frequently treated with antineoplastic agents (ANAs) that are hazardous to patients undergoing chemotherapy and the healthcare workers who handle ANAs in the course of their duties. All aspects related to hazardous oncological drugs illustrate that the monitoring of ANAs is essential to minimize the risks associated with these drugs. Among all analytical techniques used to test ANAs, electrochemistry holds an important position. This review, for the first time, comprehensively describes the progress done in electrochemistry of ANAs by means of a variety of bare or modified (bio)sensors over the last four decades (in the period of 1982-2021). Attention is paid not only to the development of electrochemical sensing protocols of ANAs in various biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical matrices but also to achievements of electrochemical techniques in the examination of the interactions of ANAs with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), carcinogenic cells, biomimetic membranes, peptides, and enzymes. Other aspects, including the enantiopurity studies, differentiation between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA without using any label or tag, studies on ANAs degradation, and their pharmacokinetics, by means of electrochemical techniques are also commented. Finally, concluding remarks that underline the existence of a significant niche for the basic electrochemical research that should be filled in the future are presented.

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Section: Aunpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry as a Powerful Tool for Investigations of Antineoplastic Agents: A Comprehensive Review

Brycht

Półtorak

Baluchová

et al. 2022

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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“…The structure of gemcitabine hydrochloride is shown in Figure 1 [5]. Various analytical methods have been used to determine GT in its dosage forms or in biological fluids, including HPLC [6][7][8][9][10][11], HPLC-MS [12], LC-MS/MS [13], UV spectrophotometry [14][15][16], spectrofluorimetry [17], and voltammetry [18][19][20]. However, these methods usually require sample preparation and are time-consuming and costly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows them to be used in a number of different ion-selective membrane and electrode applications. Electrostatic contacts, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces are some examples of non-covalent interactions that contribute to the formation of host-guest interactions, also known Various analytical methods have been used to determine GT in its dosage forms or in biological fluids, including HPLC [6][7][8][9][10][11], HPLC-MS [12], LC-MS/MS [13], UV spectrophotometry [14][15][16], spectrofluorimetry [17], and voltammetry [18][19][20]. However, these methods usually require sample preparation and are time-consuming and costly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionophore-Based Polymeric Sensors for Potentiometric Assay of the Anticancer Drug Gemcitabine in Pharmaceutical Formulation: A Comparative Study

Mostafa,

El-Tohamy,

Ali

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various malignancies, including breast and bladder cancer. In the current study, three innovative selective gemcitabine hydrochloride sensors are developed using 4-tert-butylcalix-[8]-arene (sensor 1), β-cyclodextrin (sensor 2), and γ-cyclodextrin (sensor 3) as ionophores. The three sensors were prepared by incorporating the ionophores with o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer and potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate as ionic additive into a polyvinyl chloride polymer matrix. These sensors are considered environmentally friendly systems in the analytical research. The linear responses of gemcitabine hydrochloride were in the concentration range of 6.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 and 9.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 and 8.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 for sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Over the pH range of 6–9, fast-Nernst slopes of 52 ± 0.6, 56 ± 0.3, and 55 ± 0.8 mV/decade were found in the same order with correlation regressions of 0.998, 0.999, and 0.998, respectively. The lower limits of detection for the prepared sensors were 2.5 × 10−6, 2.2 × 10−6, and 2.7 × 10−6 mol L−1. The sensors showed high selectivity and sensitivity for gemcitabine. Validation of the sensors was carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the IUPAC, while being inexpensive and easy to use in drug formulation. A statistical analysis of the methods in comparison with the official method showed that there was no significant difference in accuracy or precision between them. It was shown that the new sensors could selectively and accurately find gemcitabine hydrochloride in bulk powder, pharmaceutical formulations, and quality control tests. The ionophore-based sensor shows several advantages over conventional PVC membrane sensor sensors regrading the lower limit of detection, and higher selectivity towards the target ion.

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“…Optimizing the voltammetric method's effectiveness necessitates the development of an improved electrode material. Various comprehensive studies conducted throughout the last two decades have observed that boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode, the relatively new carbon-based form, has sparked enormous fascination as such an environment-friendly electrode material in such a variety of sectors, including chemical analysis, environmental research, biological scientific method, materials science, and etc [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. BDD electrode has an extraordinarily broad potential windows in both aqueous and non-aqueous mediums, structure stability at extremes anodic & cathodic potentials, and then a great resistant to deactivation by surfaces fouling (the existence of sp 3 hybridized atoms of carbon in diamonds structures).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Approach for the Voltammetric Sensing of the Phytoestrogen Genistein at a Non‐modified Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode

et al. 2022

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An effective electrochemical sensor was constructed using an unmodified boron‐doped diamond electrode for determination of genistein by square‐wave voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetric investigations of genistein with HClO4 solution indicated that irreversible behavior, adsorption‐controlled and well‐defined two oxidation peaks at about +0.92 (PA1) & +1.27 V (PA2). pH, as well as supporting electrolytes, are important in genistein oxidations. Quantification analyses of genistein were conducted using its two oxidation peaks. Using optimized experiments as well as instrumental conditions, the current response with genistein was proportionately linear in the concentrations range of 0.1 to 50.0 μg mL−1 (3.7×10−7−1.9×10−4 mol L−1), by the detection limit of 0.023 μg mL−1 (8.5×10−8 mol L−1) for PA1 and 0.028 μg mL−1 (1.1×10−7 mol L−1) for PA2 in 0.1 mol L−1 HClO4 solution (in the open circuit condition at 30 s accumulation time). Ultimately, the developed method was effectively applied to detect genistein in model human urine samples by using its second oxidation peak (PA2).

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Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Electrochemistry as a Powerful Tool for Investigations of Antineoplastic Agents: A Comprehensive Review

Electrochemistry as a Powerful Tool for Investigations of Antineoplastic Agents: A Comprehensive Review

Ionophore-Based Polymeric Sensors for Potentiometric Assay of the Anticancer Drug Gemcitabine in Pharmaceutical Formulation: A Comparative Study

A new Approach for the Voltammetric Sensing of the Phytoestrogen Genistein at a Non‐modified Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode

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