GEM‐3: A Monostatic Broadband Electromagnetic Induction Sensor

Won, I. J.; Keiswetter, Dean; Hanson, David R.; Novikova, Elena I.; Hall, Thomas M.

doi:10.4133/jeeg2.1.53

Cited by 177 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…For simulation, the responses of the four targets are simulated for a GEM3 sensor [42] that is sampled on a 1-m 2 area using an equally spaced 5 × 5 grid of measurement points. The objects include the following: a 3-in long by 1-in diameter stainless steel cylinder (S1), a 6-in long by 1-in diameter stainless steel cylinder (S2), a 3-in long by 1-in diameter aluminum cylinder (A1), and a 6-in long by 1-in diameter aluminum steel cylinder (A2).…”

Section: Classification Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Classification of Buried Unexploded Ordnance Using Nonparametric Prior Models

Aliamiri¹,

Stalnaker

Miller³

2007

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-We used kernel density estimation (KDE) methods to build a priori probability density functions (pdfs) for the vector of features that are used to classify unexploded ordnance items given electromagnetic-induction sensor data. This a priori information is then used to develop a new suite of estimation and classification algorithms. As opposed to the commonly used maximumlikelihood parameter estimation methods, here we employ a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation algorithm that makes use of KDE-generated pdfs. Similarly, we use KDE priors to develop a suite of classification schemes operating in both "feature" space as well as "signal/data" space. In terms of feature-based methods, we construct a support vector machine classifier and its extension to support M -ary classification. The KDE pdfs are also used to synthesize a MAP feature-based classifier. To address the numerical challenges associated with the optimal data-space Bayesian classifier, we have used several approximation techniques, including Laplacian approximation and generalized likelihood ratio tests employing the priors. Using both simulations and real field data, we observe a significant improvement in classification performance due to the use of the KDE-based prior models.

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Section: Classification Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Classification of Buried Unexploded Ordnance Using Nonparametric Prior Models

Aliamiri¹,

Stalnaker

Miller³

2007

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…In the physical model, the vertical coincident coil configuration requires the placing of the coils at a separation small enough to provide responses that are indistinguishable from the responses of truly coincident coils, while also setting them for zero primary coupling by the use of small axial and radial offsets (DUCKWORTH et al, 1993). By this means only the scattered secondary field is detected (DUCKWORTH et al, 1993;DUCKWORTH, 1994; DUCK- WORTH and KREBES, 1997aKREBES, , b, 1998and DUCKWORTH and CLEMENT, 2001;WON et al, 1997). The vertical coplanar coincident coil configuration provides maximum response to a vertical plate when the coils are coplanar with the plate, as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Vertical Coincident Coil Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Theoretical and Physical Model Studies of the Responses of Moving Source and Fixed Loop Electromagnetic Exploration Systems

Duckworth

2005

Pure appl. geophys.

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Abstract-Theoretical and physical scale model responses for moving source and fixed loop electromagnetic exploration systems are presented for the case of a vertical, thin, plate conductor located first in free-space and then in a conductive host. The results are presented in the form of anomaly index diagrams plotted in complex space. The two modeling approaches show general agreement on the behavior of the current gathering effect that operates when the conductive host is present. Both approaches show an onset of a strong positive effect at higher frequencies in the responses provided by both horizontal coplanar coil systems and by fixed loop systems. Agreement is also shown on an unanticipated negative effect that a conductive host causes in the responses provided by the vertical coplanar coincident coil system. Both modeling approaches demonstrate that the responses provided by fixed loop systems are predominantly caused by the current gathering effect. The extent of this effect for fixed loop systems depends on the size of the transmitter loop with respect to the target and on the depth of the target. The theoretical modeling demonstrates that both moving source and fixed loop systems operated over a target located in a conductive host, provide responses that become almost identical and independent of the conductance of the target at high frequency.

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“…The sensor array and data collection procedures are described in §2.1 below. Frequency domain data were collected using a Geophex GEM-3 sensor [5] as described in §2.2 below. This process was considerably more labor intensive, and consequently only a representative subset of the library items were measured.…”

Section: Multiaxis Emi Measurements Of Clutter Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenology and Signal Processing for UXO/Clutter Discrimination

Bell¹

2009

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GEM‐3: A Monostatic Broadband Electromagnetic Induction Sensor

Cited by 177 publications

References 2 publications

Statistical Classification of Buried Unexploded Ordnance Using Nonparametric Prior Models

Statistical Classification of Buried Unexploded Ordnance Using Nonparametric Prior Models

Comparison of Theoretical and Physical Model Studies of the Responses of Moving Source and Fixed Loop Electromagnetic Exploration Systems

Phenomenology and Signal Processing for UXO/Clutter Discrimination

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