Gelling Behavior of PAM/Phenolic Crosslinked Gel and Its Profile Control in a Low-Temperature and High-Salinity Reservoir

Ding, Fei; Dai, Caili; Sun, Yongpeng; Zhao, Guang; You, Qing; Liu, Yifei

doi:10.3390/gels8070433

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Subsequently, the polymer gel plugs the high permeability layers, significantly decreases the heterogeneity of the reservoir, and increases the sweep coefficient 24 . Conventional polymer gel systems for water shutoff are based on phenolic resin 5,25–27 or chromium crosslinkers 28–30 that can be successfully applied to the low‐temperature reservoirs (≤80°C) and salinities up to ≤50,000 mg/L 4,31 . Meanwhile, for high temperatures (>80°C) and high salinity reservoirs, polymer gels with enhanced thermo‐mechanical stabilities are required 32,33 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically robust and thermally enhanced sand‐polyacrylamide‐2D nanofiller composite hydrogels for water shutoff applications

Krishnan,

Almohsin,

Alsharaeh

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Herein, we report a facile preparation method for mechanically robust and thermally enhanced sand‐polyacrylamide (PAM)‐2D‐nanofillers composite hydrogels and their application in water shutoff. To prepare the sample, 4 wt% of aqueous PAM solution is mixed with organic cross‐linkers of hydroquinone (HQ) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) in a 1:1 weight ratio and aqueous potassium chloride (KCl) solution and with a specific amount of 2D‐nanofillers such as commercial graphene (CG) nanosheets or boron nitride nanoparticles (BN NPs). A specific amount of the above solution is added to sand, well mixed, and subsequently cured at 150°C for 8 h. The prepared composite hydrogels were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) for chemical composition and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for successful hydrogel coating onto the sand particles. Thermal stabilities of the samples have been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical properties (storage modulus [G′]; loss modulus [G″]; gel strength (G′/G″); and damping factor [G″/G′]) of the samples were determined using dynamic mechanical analyses. The thermal stability of the samples has reached as high as 193.4°C, while the gel strength is found to be a maximum of 16.2. The water swelling ratio for the composite hydrogel has reached a maximum of 1100% within 1 h.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically robust and thermally enhanced sand‐polyacrylamide‐2D nanofiller composite hydrogels for water shutoff applications

Krishnan,

Almohsin,

Alsharaeh

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The difference in the rate of vertical conformance and lateral transmission of pressure disturbances leads to a short-term (several months) positive effect on producers (reduction of water-cut, increase in oil rate) [ 5 ]. Examples of conformance control technologies or stimulating the zone closest to wells are the injection of cross-linked polymer agents [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] and sodium-silicate-based gelling agents [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], sediment-forming technologies [ 14 ], the use of thermo-gels [ 15 , 16 ] and injection of suspensions [ 17 ], etc. The examples are shown in Figure 1 below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection of Gelling Systems to a Layered Reservoir for Conformance Improvement

Федоров

Shevelev

Gilmanov

et al. 2022

Gels

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The paper describes the introduction and estimation of performance criteria for the gelling agent injection technology based on a general approach to modeling physical and chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. The current mathematical models do not include performance criteria for the process of gelling agent injection and do not allow for assessing the level of success of a treatment job in production wells. The paper introduces such criteria for the first time. To simulate the effect on injection wells, the mass conservation laws and the generalized flow law are used, and closing relations for the gelling rate are taken into account. A conformance control coefficient is introduced which characterizes the positive effect of well treatments and injectivity drop which characterizes the negative effect. The performance criteria allow for identifying the wells where the treatment jobs were the most successful. The model verification, based on the comparison of post-treatment injectivity estimated in the developed model, with Rosneft’s field data showed a satisfactory match. The developed correlations can be used as the basis for a surrogate model that allows for avoiding building sector geological and flow simulation models of the treated zone.

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“…Yuman Wu et al (2022) [ 31 ] proposed a betaine-based gel used for hydraulic fracturing, it was proved that KCl improves the temperature resistance and increases the viscosity of the optimized fracturing fluid, and the viscoelastic surfactant gel had high shear resistance and high sand-carrying performance. Fei Ding et al (2022) [ 32 ] developed a PHRO gel that was composed of gelatinizing agents, crosslinking agents, and crosslinking promoting agents (oxalic acid). The performance evaluation showed that it has good salt-resistance properties and is suitable for conformance control of low-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Investigation in Wormhole Expansion Law of Gelling Acid Etching and Its Influencing Factors in Deep Carbonate Reservoirs

Wang

Zhou

Li³

et al. 2022

Gels

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Acidizing with gelling acid is the key technology in developing a carbonate reservoir successfully. It is difficult for the laboratory to carry out the radial displacement experiment with a large rock core. It is necessary to establish the gelling acid wormhole expansion model under the radial conditions, simulate the gelling acid wormhole expansion law under the radial conditions, optimize the construction parameters, and provide the basis for the optimal design of carbonate reservoir matrix acidizing. The research objective is to simulate the gelling acid etching wormhole expansion in a deep carbonate reservoir and make clear its influencing factors, which are helpful for reservoir stimulation. The mathematical model of gelling acid wormhole expansion was established, considering the influence of pore microscopic characteristics on acid flow and acid rock reaction. The simulation results indicated that viscosity, surface reaction rate, and hydrogen ion diffusion coefficient have different effects on gelling acid etching wormhole. The spatial distribution of pores determines the trend of gelling acid solution and thus the shape of the armhole. Perforation completion has a significant impact on the expansion of gelling acid etching wormhole. The wormhole extends forward along the perforation hole, and perforation increases the length of the wormhole. This wormhole expansion law is very suitable in situations where a deep carbonate reservoir is needed for gelling acid fracturing.

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Gelling Behavior of PAM/Phenolic Crosslinked Gel and Its Profile Control in a Low-Temperature and High-Salinity Reservoir

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Mechanically robust and thermally enhanced sand‐polyacrylamide‐2D nanofiller composite hydrogels for water shutoff applications

Mechanically robust and thermally enhanced sand‐polyacrylamide‐2D nanofiller composite hydrogels for water shutoff applications

Injection of Gelling Systems to a Layered Reservoir for Conformance Improvement

Simulated Investigation in Wormhole Expansion Law of Gelling Acid Etching and Its Influencing Factors in Deep Carbonate Reservoirs

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