Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler için Monoray Sistemi Fizibilite Çalışması: Eskişehir-Türkiye Vaka Çalışması

Abstract

Investigation of the structural, technological and environmental characteristics of the monorail  Economic and financial evaluation in transportation projects  Sensitivity analysis for the transportation projects  Interpreting transportation projects according to the different discount rates

The Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Transportation and Sustainable Policy Recommendations: A Case Study of Eskişehir

“…The average ticket price was calculated as 2.19 TL= $ 0.31 because the average dollar rate was 7 TL for 2020. For another Eskişehir feasibility study, the average ticket price for the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020 was calculated as $ 0.37 (1 $=5.7-5.9 TL) [27], therefore average ticket prices support each other. However, sensitivity analyses (%10 more and less) were made on this price due to the sharply changing dollar rate of exchange within two years.…”

“…Public transportation is one of the main modes of sustainable transportation, its neglect is a major problem in many regions [32]. Many criteria should be considered when determining public transportation systems, and the priority order of these criteria should be determined according to the investment [27]. In addition, the criteria should be evaluated according to different factors in which they are related.…”

“…For instance, when considering environmental criteria in public transportation, not only vehicle emission values, but also the production source of energy should be considered [33]. It should be taken into account that transportation investments require a significant budget [12,24], replacing the chosen system with another system would lead to worse results [34], and each public transportation system has different advantages and disadvantages [27]. With these approaches, the most optimum system should be determined among the alternatives.…”

“…Different network and service plans for public transportation: Benefit: 2.5%-5%-10% increase in ridership Cost: Extra daily 52 trips for the tram, 24 trips for the bus. O&M costs were taken as $ 1.68/km for bus, $ 4.81/km for tram [27] ✓ New or improved low-budget public transportation: Benefit: 2.5%-5%-10% increase in ridership Cost: Total delineator and paint cost is $ 87000 for exclusive lane (2.89 km). Assumption in total cost of intelligent transportation systems were taken as $ 500,000 including occupancy sensor to vehicles and real-time information to some stations.…”

“…Three scenarios were performed based on 2.5%, 5% and 10% ridership increase for 4 policies and congestion price assumptions (500 and 1000 vehicles daily -1 and 2 hour). Benefit-costs were made at fixed prices of 2020 and the discount rate was 10% [27]. 2022 year was taken into account as the implementation period of the policies.…”