Gelation of gellan – A review

Morris, Edwin R.; Nishinari, Katsuyoshi; Rinaudo, Marguerite

doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.01.004

Cited by 606 publications

(434 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Therefore, the higher the agar concentration, the more strongly water is bound. Gelrite ® , however, requires the presence of cations for gelation; thus, in general, when medium pH is low, agar cannot set (caMeron, 2008;Morris et al, 2012). The gelling properties of the other gelling agents tested are unknown or are poorly publicized or tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Factors Affecting Shoot Culture of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × Grandiflora)

Silva

2014

Botanica Lithuanica

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Teixeira da Silva J.A., 2014: Novel factors affecting shoot culture of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora) [Alternatyvių standiklių, skystų terpės priedų, CO 2 sodrinimo ir kitų faktorių įtaka chrizantemų (Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) ūglių kultūrų auginimui]. -Bot. Lith., 20(1): 27-40.Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) continues to be one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. Although the tissue culture of chrysanthemum has been widely explored, several unexplored topics remain, and, in developing countries, there is always the constant search for reducing the cost of raising tissue cultured plants. In this study, by focusing on a leading market cultivar in Japan, 'Shuhouno-chikara', alternatives to agar (as the gelling agent) and sucrose (as the carbon source) for chrysanthemum tissue culture were sought. Both Gellan gum and agar resulted in greater shoot and root production than all other gelling agents tested, including Bacto agar, phytagel, oatmeal agar, potato dextrose agar, barley starch and corn starch. All of the alternative liquid-based medium additives tested (low and full fat milk, Coca-cola®, coffee, Japanese green, Oolong and Darjeeling teas) negatively impacted plant growth, stunted roots and decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of leaves. There was no difference between plants grown on medium with refined sucrose or table sugar, although poor growth was observed when stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) extract was used. Photoautotrophic micropropagation increased significantly the shoot mass relative to control plants, even when the density of plants was doubled. Aeration improved plantlet growth. The tetrazolium test was a simple, but effective essay to see the intensity and strength of root growth in different basal media. MDH activity decreased in the root+shoot extract of plants grown on most alternative media, but remained high on TCSGM (Teixeira's chrysanthemum shoot growth medium), Gellan gum, aerated and CO2-enriched cultures. A similar trend was observed for deaminating GDH, while an opposite trend was observed for aminating GDH activity. These experiments indicate that tissue culture research for chrysanthemum still provides a rich field for exploration with interesting and valuable results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Factors Affecting Shoot Culture of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × Grandiflora)

Silva

2014

Botanica Lithuanica

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“…Our attempts to form GG-CCG hydrogels by the standard approach [29] of addition of calcium ions to gellan-graphene dispersions resulted in immediate agglomeration. Optical microscopy of a cross-section from these hydrogels (Fig.…”

Section: Dispersion Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In section 3.1 we showed that preparation of GG-CCG hydrogels cross-linked with Ca 2+ via the standard approach [29] failed due to a Ca 2+ induced destabilisation of graphene. An alternative method was devised to form Ca 2+ cross-linked hydrogels.…”

Section: Hydrogel Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well-known that increasing the concentration of the cross-linker results in stronger binding between the GG chains in the polymer network [29] . Stronger binding could reduce the ability to take up water as evident from the lower WC value for films immersed in the based with the higher cross-linking concentration.…”

Section: Hydrogel Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon cooling below the transition temperature in the presence of sufficient monovalent (K + or Na + ) or divalent cations (Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ ), gel junction zones are formed [29] . The aggregation of double helices as a result of charge screening and bridging between carboxyl groups on neighbouring chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and characterisation of graphene composite hydrogels

2013

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Stable dispersions containing graphene and gellan gum are used to form composite films. Incorporation of graphene into the gellan gum matrix results in mechanical reinforcement and electrical conductivity at low and high graphene loading fractions, respectively. Graphene-containing gellan gum hydrogel films are prepared by immersion of composite films in Ca2+ cross-linking solutions. The resulting hydrogels are electrically conducting and exhibit reinforcement compared to the corresponding gellan gum hydrogels. 2013 Elsevier B.V. Keywords: graphene; gellan gum; hydrogels; films; conductivity; composites; mechanical AbstractStable dispersions containing graphene and gellan gum are used to form composite films.Incorporation of graphene into the gellan gum matrix results in mechanical reinforcement and electrical conductivity at low and high graphene loading fractions, respectively. Graphenecontaining gellan gum hydrogel films are prepared by immersion of composite films in Ca 2+ cross-linking solutions. The resulting hydrogels are electrically conducting and exhibit reinforcement compared to the corresponding gellan gum hydrogels.

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Microbial and Enzymatic Polysaccharides

Kralj

Khandige

Guan

et al. 2020

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Polysaccharides are ubiquitous and the largest substantive material class in nature (eg, structural in plants (cellulose, starch), algae (alginate), and (microbes) and throughout history polysaccharides have found extensive use in many industrial applications, for example in packaging (paper and board), fiber and textiles (eg, cotton and viscose), adhesives, and even in early engineered thermoplastic materials (eg, cellulose esters). Sourced from nature and in general biocompatible, many polysaccharides have applications across various food and food additive applications. The broad functionality and general good compatibility are attractive properties increasingly desired as focus on sustainability is increasing. This article will discuss the established product range of microbial polysaccharides utilized across a range of specialty applications such as food, personal care, and industrials. Product categories such as alginates, bacterial cellulose, curdlan, dextran, diutan, emulsan, fructan, gellan, pullulan, sceroglucan, succinoglycan, welan, and xanthan gum will be reviewed. In addition, the emerging platform technology enzymatic polymerization is discussed with special focus on the transformational promise for this approach toward engineered polysaccharide structures. This approach allows for the rational and systematic design of polysaccharide materials controlling aspects such as molecular weight, branching, and particle morphology.

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Gelation of gellan – A review

Cited by 606 publications

References 150 publications

Novel Factors Affecting Shoot Culture of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × Grandiflora)

Novel Factors Affecting Shoot Culture of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × Grandiflora)

Preparation and characterisation of graphene composite hydrogels

Microbial and Enzymatic Polysaccharides

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