Gelation by Acrylamide, a Quasi-Universal Medium for the Synthesis of Fine Oxide Powders for Electroceramic Applications

Sin, A.; Odier, P.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(200005)12:9<649::aid-adma649>3.0.co;2-k

Cited by 109 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Synthesis of pristine and microwave-treated LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4-δ samples.-The pristine and microwave-irradiated LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4-δ powders were synthesized by modified thermo-polymerization method [15][16][17][18] (herein referred to as LMNO and LMNOmic, respectively). Firstly, stoichiometric amounts of lithium acetate (2.93 g of LiCH 3 COO · 2H 2 O, 5% excess), nickel acetate (3.4 g of Ni(CH 3 COO) 2 · 4H 2 O) and manganese acetate (10.06 g of Mn(CH 3 COO) 2 · 4H 2 O) were dissolved in a 100 ml size beaker using 10 ml deionized pure water (with a resistivity of ρ = 18.2 M ) and the solution heated to 80…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O_4-_δSpinel Material Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Thermo-Polymerization: Some Insights into the Microwave-Enhancing Physico-Chemistry

Kebede

Yannopoulos

Sygellou

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Oxygen-deficient pristine (LMNO) and microwave-treated LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4-δ (LMNOmic) cathode materials have been synthesized with modified thermo-polymerization synthesis technique. The XRD, XPS, CV and charge/discharge voltage profile analysis confirm that the microwave treatment enhance the electrochemical property by adjusting the lattice parameter, nickel content, and Mn 3+ content. The galvanostatic charge/discharge testing results show that LMNOmic exhibits high capacity of 133 mAh g −1 at a 0.1 C and a high retention of 95%, the LMNOmic delivered high capacity for various current rates 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 C compared to non-microwave LMNO sample. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows a gradual increase in impedance during continuous cycling, indicating a gradual formation of the cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) film at the active LMNO surface. The rise in impedance at the end of the 100 th cycle is about three times higher for the LMNOmic than the pristine LMNO. This work proves the urgent need for further work, specifically focusing on material design and coating and/or doping strategies that will complement microwave irradiation and ultimately permit the stabilization of the cathode-electrolyte interface upon long-term cycling. The success of such work will allow the full realization of the advantageous properties of the microwave-treatment of the LMNO and related cathode materials. LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4-δ (LMNO) continues to attract attention and remains as one of the most promising candidates as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to its ability to provide a high operating voltage (∼4.7 V) and 3-D channels for diffusion of lithium ions in its spinel structure. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The advantageous properties of the LMNO such as high energy and high power density makes its suitable for heavy duty and electric vehicle applications. There is a strong demand for positive electrode materials with higher energy density Ws to realize more practical electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). The two options to get high energy density electrode materials are either to increase the voltage (E av ) or the rechargeable capacity (Q rech ) as the energy density Ws defined as W s = ∫ Q rech d Q X E av . Moreover, the use of the high manganese (Mn) content in the cathode provides for a safer and less expensive cathode while the nickel (Ni) provides for a high voltage redox reaction of E av = 4.5 V vs Li + /Li and Q rech = 135 mAh g −1 , providing energy density of more than 600 mWh g −1 . LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 exists in two crystal structure forms known as ordered and disordered. The synthesis procedure of LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 is so crucial which determines to obtain either cation disordered face-centered cubic spinel with the space group Fd3m or its ordered variant where cation ordering on the octahedral sites lowers crystal symmetry to cubic primitive (space group P4 3 32). 6 In the disordered structure, Mn and Ni ions are more or less randomly distributed i...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O_4-_δSpinel Material Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Thermo-Polymerization: Some Insights into the Microwave-Enhancing Physico-Chemistry

Kebede

Yannopoulos

Sygellou

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The syntheses of the LSGM powders, by solid-state reaction method and the sol-gel method, were also carried out following the procedures described by Huang et al [15] and Sin and Odier [12], respectively.…”

Section: Powder Synthesis and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But it is time consuming, difficult to control the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of binary and ternary oxides and difficult to select appropriate precipitator. Raw materials are also expensive [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO3 by using glycine–nitrate combustion method

Shi

Liu

et al. 2006

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…A modified method based on thermal decomposition and calcinations of polyacrylamide gel containing metal salts was selected as the method for manufacturing the initial powders for synthesis of the ceramic [4]. The initial compounds were previously prepared solutions of gadolinium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, Sn(IV) citrate, and nitric acid solution of Ti(IV) peroxide complex.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ceramics based on ree zirconates, titanates, and stannates

Меркушкин

Aung

2011

Glass Ceram

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O 7 was obtained. It was shown that partial substitution of Zr, Ti, and Sn(IV) for each other allows reducing the sintering temperature.In searching for materials for reliable immobilization of highly active nuclear power plant wastes (HAW), the problem of utilizing HAW with a high actinoid content has recently become especially important. This is due to the development of methods of separating HAW into fractions to immobilize them in matrices of the optimum composition. In one of the fractions obtained, the mass content of actinoids consists of tens of percent. Actinoid-containing HAW are also formed in conversion of weapons-grade plutonium [1].High capacity with respect to radionuclides and chemical and radiation stability are the basic requirements for actinoid immobilization matrices. Compounds with the crystal structure of pyrochlore [2], in particular, REE zirconates and titanates, are considered promising materials for actinoids. Another important criterion for assessing matrix material is the technological effectiveness, i.e., the efficiency of industrial production. Uniaxial molding followed by sintering is one widespread method of matrix synthesis as it is distinguished by simplicity of equipment and low costs in comparison to other methods (for example, hot molding or induction melting). However, synthesis of Ln 2 Zr 2 O 7 from the initial oxides requires a long time (tens of hours) and high temperatures (over 1500°C) [3].We know that using metal hydroxides or thermally unstable salts as the initial compounds allows significantly reducing the solid-phase synthesis temperature.We obtained and investigated the properties of a ceramic based on gadolinium zirconate, titanate, and stannate and mixed zirconate-titanate, zirconate-stannate, and titanatestannate compositions. The interest in obtained mixed compositions is due to the attempt to decrease the sintering temperature of pyrochlore ceramics in partial reciprocal substitution of Zr, Ti, and Sn(IV).A modified method based on thermal decomposition and calcinations of polyacrylamide gel containing metal salts was selected as the method for manufacturing the initial powders for synthesis of the ceramic [4]. The initial compounds were previously prepared solutions of gadolinium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, Sn(IV) citrate, and nitric acid solution of Ti(IV) peroxide complex. Acrylamide was added to the mixed solution of metal salts and mixed until totally dissolved. The total concentration of metals in the solution obtained was 100 g/liter and the concentration of acrylamide was 250 g/liter. To eliminate the interfering effect of oxygen on radiation-induced polymerization of the acrylamide, the surface of the solution was covered with melted paraffin.The solutions were irradiated in a RXM-g-20 gamma unit for 24 h (GIK-7-2 cobalt sources of g radiation, dose rate of 0.15 Gy/sec). During irradiation, radiation-induced polymerization of acrylamide took place with formation of polyacrylamide gel containing the metal salts in its pores.The gel was pyrolyzed in a t...

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Gelation by Acrylamide, a Quasi-Universal Medium for the Synthesis of Fine Oxide Powders for Electroceramic Applications

Cited by 109 publications

References 0 publications

High-Voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O_4-_δSpinel Material Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Thermo-Polymerization: Some Insights into the Microwave-Enhancing Physico-Chemistry

High-Voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O_4-_δSpinel Material Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Thermo-Polymerization: Some Insights into the Microwave-Enhancing Physico-Chemistry

Synthesis and characterization of Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO3 by using glycine–nitrate combustion method

Ceramics based on ree zirconates, titanates, and stannates

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Gelation by Acrylamide, a Quasi-Universal Medium for the Synthesis of Fine Oxide Powders for Electroceramic Applications

Cited by 109 publications

References 0 publications

High-Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-δSpinel Material Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Thermo-Polymerization: Some Insights into the Microwave-Enhancing Physico-Chemistry

High-Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-δSpinel Material Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Thermo-Polymerization: Some Insights into the Microwave-Enhancing Physico-Chemistry

Synthesis and characterization of Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO3 by using glycine–nitrate combustion method

Ceramics based on ree zirconates, titanates, and stannates

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High-Voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O_4-_δSpinel Material Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Thermo-Polymerization: Some Insights into the Microwave-Enhancing Physico-Chemistry

High-Voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O_4-_δSpinel Material Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Thermo-Polymerization: Some Insights into the Microwave-Enhancing Physico-Chemistry