Gelatin Particle-Stabilized High Internal Phase Emulsions as Nutraceutical Containers

Abstract

In this paper, we report for the first time the use of a well-dispersed gelatin particle as a representative of natural and biocompatible materials to be an effective particle stabilizer for high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) formulation. Fairly monodispersed gelatin particles (∼200 nm) were synthesized through a two-step desolvation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Those protein latexes were then used as sole emulsifiers to fabricate stable oil-in-water Pickering HIPEs at different concentrations, pH conditions, and homogenization times. Most of the gelatin particles were irreversibly adsorbed at the oil-water interface to hinder droplet coalescence, such that Pickering HIPEs can be formed by a small amount of gelatin particles (as low as 0.5 wt % in the water phase) at pH far away from the isoelectric point of the gelatin particles. In addition, increasing homogenization time led to narrow size distribution of droplets, and high particle concentration resulted in more solidlike Pickering HIPEs. In vitro controlled-release experiments revealed that the release of the encapsulated β-carotene can be tuned by manipulating the concentration of gelatin particles in the formulation, suggesting that the stable and narrow-size-distributed gelatin-stabilized HIPEs had potential in functional food and pharmaceutical applications.

High‐Internal‐Phase Pickering Emulsions Stabilized Solely by Peanut‐Protein‐Isolate Microgel Particles with Multiple Potential Applications

“…HIPPEs with 85 %( w/w) edible oil as the internal phase cannot be obtained at pH 4.5 and 7.0, which made the HIPPEs pH-responsive.T he pH response of the emulsions may be divided into two scenarios.A tp H3.0, the striplike aggregates can attach to the interface and form aviscoelastic film to trap the oil droplets.AtpH4.5, the aggregates are the most hydrophobic (Figure 1b), and the oil/water (o/w) interface tends to bend towards the water phase.B esides,t he big aggregates are too large to fully cover the huge specific surface area of an o/w HIPPE, so aw ater-in-oil (o/w) emulsion (with 15 %i nternal phase) with al ower specific surface area was obtained (see Figure S4). [15,21] Theu pper limit of the internal-phase fraction within the emulsion was also established at pH 9.0. At pH 9, the particles were swollen, deformed, and fused into an elastic interfacial film, which covered the oil droplets.…”

One‐step Preparation of Monodisperse Multifunctional Macroporous Particles through a Spontaneous Physical Process

“…[19][20][21][22] However, it is difficult to fabricate Pickering HIPEs because phase inversion occurs at φ > 0.7. [23][24][25][26] Here we used dual emulsifiers, PS-b-P4VP and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, to stabilize HIPEs. The addition of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles significantly enhanced the stability of the tiny water droplets, so that HIPE droplets could be formed.…”

“…When the tiny water droplets were stabilized by the irreversible adsorption of nanoparticles at the interface, a “Pickering emulsion” was obtained in which the nanoparticles occupied the O/W interface and prevented water droplets ripening . However, it is difficult to fabricate Pickering HIPEs because phase inversion occurs at φ > 0.7 . Here we used dual emulsifiers, PS‐ b ‐P4VP and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, to stabilize HIPEs.…”

1. Photosensitive microcapsules

“…They have low production costs and a strong absorbance in the UV region, making such nanoparticles a smart choice of compound to sensitize thin films to UV light [25]. Several reports have been published on the incorporation of TiO 2 nanoparticles into microcapsules [26][27][28][29]. Hu et al [26] developed a self-templated approach for the synthesis of TiO 2 microcapsules (Figure 1.6) with tunable size and wall by heating sol-gel-derived TiO 2 microspheres with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in a diethylene glycol (DEG) solution.…”