Gelatin Microsphere for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current and Future Strategies

Sulaiman, Shamsul; Idrus, Ruszymah Bt Hj; Ng, Angela Min Hwei

doi:10.3390/polym12102404

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Collagen consists of a triple helix of peptides of around 100 kDa (α-chains), assembled in the extracellular matrix into aggregates forming fibrils [ 1 ]. Disruption of the triple helix structure turns very insoluble collagen into soluble gelatin, a more tractable material that has found many applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Gelatin and Hydrolysates from Valorization of Farmed Salmon Skin By-Products

et al. 2021

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Salmon processing commonly involves the skinning of fish, generating by-products that need to be handled. Such skin residues may represent valuable raw materials from a valorization perspective, mainly due to their collagen content. With this approach, we propose in the present work the extraction of gelatin from farmed salmon and further valorization of the remaining residue through hydrolysis. Use of different chemical treatments prior to thermal extraction of gelatin results in a consistent yield of around 5%, but considerable differences in rheological properties. As expected from a cold-water species, salmon gelatin produces rather weak gels, ranging from 0 to 98 g Bloom. Nevertheless, the best performing gelatins show considerable structural integrity, assessed by gel permeation chromatography with light scattering detection for the first time on salmon gelatin. Finally, proteolysis of skin residues with Alcalase for 4 h maximizes digestibility and antihypertensive activity of the resulting hydrolysates, accompanied by the sharpest reduction in molecular weight and higher content of essential amino acids. These results indicate the possibility of tuning salmon gelatin properties through changes in chemical treatment conditions, and completing the valorization cycle through production of bioactive and nutritious hydrolysates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Gelatin and Hydrolysates from Valorization of Farmed Salmon Skin By-Products

et al. 2021

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“…While the introduction of hydrogel microspheres such as GMs have been given in the above descriptions of this study. Compared with gels, hydrogel microspheres like GMs have better mechanical properties, and can provide a 3D micro-environment for cells growth 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable gelatin microspheres loaded with platelet rich plasma improve wound healing by regulating early inflammation

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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We investigated the potential of gelatin microspheres (GMs) loaded with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance their wound healing effect. Platelets from the PRP were immobilized onto GMs to form biomimetic bioreactor GM+PRP. The therapeutic effect of this agent was further investigated in vivo on a wound-healing model in rats. Wounds were locally injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), GM, PRP, and GM+PRP. Wound healing rate, vessel density, and inflammation level were measured histologically, by RT-PCR, and by Western blotting at days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Platelets on GM caused a continuous high release in both interleukin-10 and metalloproteinase-3 compared with PRP alone. Both GM+PRP and PRP successfully accelerated the wound healing process, while GM alone did not improve the wound healing process compared with the untreated control. Wounds treated with GM+PRP resulted in shorter healing period and improved dermal structure. GM+PRP improved angiogenesis in the wound by increasing expression of angiogenic factors. GM+PRP prolonged and enhanced the cytokine release profile compared with PRP. By promoting the inflammatory and angiogenic responses, GM+PRP has the potential to improve wound healing. Our findings demonstrate that GMs are an injectable carrier that enhanced the therapeutic effects of PRP.

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“…Currently, research in the use of nanoparticles for AMP delivery has examined many vehicles, including liposomes, micelles, liquid crystalline systems, metal nanocrystalline materials, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, hydrogel, nanofibres, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and microspheres ( Figure 2 ) [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Nanocarriers can be classified into several groups according to structures and components.…”

Section: Advances In Nanosystems For Amps Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges in Nanodelivery Systems for Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)

Tang

Chen

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be used as alternative therapeutic agents to traditional antibiotics. These peptides have abundant natural template sources and can be isolated from animals, plants, and microorganisms. They are amphiphilic and mostly net positively charged, and they have a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on bacteria, fungi, and viruses. AMPs possess significant rapid killing effects and do not interact with specific receptors on bacterial surfaces. As a result, drug resistance is rarely observed with treatments. AMPs, however, have some operational problems, such as a susceptibility to enzymatic (protease) degradation, toxicity in vivo, and unclear pharmacokinetics. However, nanodelivery systems loaded with AMPs provide a safe mechanism of packaging such peptides before they exert their antimicrobial actions, facilitate targeted delivery to the sites of infection, and control the release rate of peptides and reduce their toxic side effects. However, nanodelivery systems using AMPs are at an early stage of development and are still in the laboratory phase of development. There are also some challenges in incorporating AMPs into nanodelivery systems. Herein, an insight into the nanotechnology challenges in delivering AMPs, current advances, and remaining technological challenges are discussed in depth.

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Gelatin Microsphere for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current and Future Strategies

Cited by 27 publications

References 70 publications

Characterization of Gelatin and Hydrolysates from Valorization of Farmed Salmon Skin By-Products

Characterization of Gelatin and Hydrolysates from Valorization of Farmed Salmon Skin By-Products

Injectable gelatin microspheres loaded with platelet rich plasma improve wound healing by regulating early inflammation

Recent Advances and Challenges in Nanodelivery Systems for Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)

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