Gelatin electrospun nanofibrous matrices for cardiac tissue engineering applications

Elamparithi, Anuradha; Punnoose, Alan M.; Paul, Solomon F.D.; Kuruvilla, Sarah

doi:10.1080/00914037.2016.1180616

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In light of the presence of amine and carboxylic groups along gelatin backbones, various chemical treatments have been proposed to introduce covalent crosslinks lost following collagen extraction and denaturation ex vivo, so that micro-/macroscopic structural features and mechanical properties of hydrated gelatin nanofibre membranes could be controlled [31]. Crosslinking strategies have been pursued by carbodiimide chemistry [29,[32][33][34], bifunctional compounds such as glutaraldehyde (GTA) [33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] and genipin [30,43,44], silanisation [41], dehydrothermal [46] and plasma treatments [47], as well as via ultraviolet (UV) light [30,[48][49][50]. Although chemical crosslinking is the most widely used method, crosslinking agents are often associated with risks of cytotoxicity and calcification in host polymer scaffolds [51][52][53], are unable to ensure fibrous retention and minimal membrane dissolution in aqueous media [30,48,54], may cause thermal degradation of gelatin [55,56], or may lead to side reactions, resulting in hardly-controllable process-structure-property relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A UV-cured nanofibrous membrane of vinylbenzylated gelatin-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) dimethacrylate co-network by scalable free surface electrospinning

Bazbouz

Tronci

2018

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Electrospun nanofibrous membranes of natural polymers, such as gelatin, are fundamental in the design of regenerative devices. Crosslinking of electrospun fibres from gelatin is required to prevent dissolution in water, to retain the original nanofibre morphology after immersion in water, and to improve the thermal and mechanical properties, although this is still challenging to accomplish in a controlled fashion. In this study, we have investigated the scalable manufacture and structural stability in aqueous environment of a UV-cured nanofibrous membrane fabricated by free surface electrospinning (FSES) of aqueous solutions containing vinylbenzylated gelatin and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) dimethacrylate (PCL-DMA). Vinylbenzylated gelatin was obtained via chemical functionalisation with photopolymerisable 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (4VBC) groups, so that the gelatin and PCL phase in electrospun fibres were integrated in a covalent UV-cured co-network at the molecular scale, rather than being simply physically mixed. Aqueous solutions of acetic acid (90 vol%) were employed at room temperature to dissolve gelatin-4VBC (G-4VBC) and PCL-DMA with two molar ratios between 4VBC and DMA functions, whilst viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity of resulting electrospinning solutions were characterised. Following successful FSES, electrospun nanofibrous samples were UV-cured using Irgacure I2959 as radical photo-initiator and 1-Heptanol as water-immiscible photo-initiator carrier, resulting in the formation of a water-insoluble, gelatin/PCL covalent co-network. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile test, as well as liquid contact angle and swelling measurements were carried out to explore the surface morphology, chemical composition, thermal and mechanical properties, wettability and water holding capacity of the nanofibrous membranes, respectively. UV-cured nanofibrous membranes did not dissolve in water and showed enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, with respect to as-spun samples, indicating the effectiveness of the photo-crosslinking reaction. In addition, UV-cured gelatin/PCL membranes displayed increased structural stability in water with respect to PCL-free samples and were highly tolerated by G292 osteosarcoma cells. These results therefore support the use of PCL-DMA as hydrophobic, biodegradable crosslinker and provide new insight on the scalable design of water-insoluble, mechanical-competent gelatin membranes for healthcare applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A UV-cured nanofibrous membrane of vinylbenzylated gelatin-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) dimethacrylate co-network by scalable free surface electrospinning

Bazbouz

Tronci

2018

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…This threshold appears to be the most relevant for analyzing cell response because the cells are mostly in contact with the external fibers layers. These values can therefore be used to compare the morphology of the different scaffolds although only an estimation of the porosity of the whole scaffold could be derived [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. The porosity varied from 80% to 84% among the different scaffolds ( Figure 3 B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Osteogenic and Tenogenic Differentiation Potential of C3H10T1/2 (Mesenchymal Stem Cell Model) Cultured on PCL/PLA Electrospun Scaffolds in the Absence of Specific Differentiation Medium

et al. 2017

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The differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been extensively tested on electrospun scaffolds. However, this potential is often assessed with lineage-specific medium, making it difficult to interpret the real contribution of the properties of the scaffold in the cell response. In this study, we analyzed the ability of different polycaprolactone/polylactic acid PCL/PLA electrospun scaffolds (pure or blended compositions, random or aligned fibers, various fiber diameters) to drive MSC towards bone or tendon lineages in the absence of specific differentiation medium. C3H10T1/2 cells (a mesenchymal stem cell model) were cultured on scaffolds for 96 h without differentiation factors. We performed a cross-analysis of the cell–scaffold interactions (spreading, organization, and specific gene expression) with mechanical (elasticity), morphological (porosity, fibers diameter and orientation) and surface (wettability) characterizations of the electrospun fibers. We concluded that (1) osteogenic differentiation can be initiated on pure PCL-based electrospun scaffolds without specific culture conditions; (2) fiber alignment modified cell organization in the short term and (3) PLA added to PCL with an increased fiber diameter encouraged the stem cells towards the tendon lineage without additional tenogenic factors. In summary, the differentiation potential of stem cells on adapted electrospun fibers could be achieved in factor-free medium, making possible future applications in clinically relevant situations.

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“…The biophysical and mechanical properties of the gelatin electrospun nanofibrous matrices were suitable for contracting cardiomyocytes. 66 Gelatin scaffolds demonstrated a lack of strength and suture retention strength. In cardiovascular tissue applications, creating gelatin microfiber scaffolds is one way to enhance the strength of gelatin.…”

Section: Gelatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Biodegradable Nanopolymers in Cardiac Tissue Engineering: From Concept Towards Nanomedicine</p>

Nasr¹,

Rabiee²,

Hajebi³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of heart failure and death in the world, and the transplantation of the heart is an effective and viable choice for treatment despite presenting many disadvantages (most notably, transplant heart availability). To overcome this problem, cardiac tissue engineering is considered a promising approach by using implantable artificial blood vessels, injectable gels, and cardiac patches (to name a few) made from biodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymers are classified into two main categories: natural and synthetic polymers. Natural biodegradable polymers have some distinct advantages such as biodegradability, abundant availability, and renewability but have some significant drawbacks such as rapid degradation, insufficient electrical conductivity, immunological reaction, and poor mechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering. Synthetic biodegradable polymers have some advantages such as strong mechanical properties, controlled structure, great processing flexibility, and usually no immunological concerns; however, they have some drawbacks such as a lack of cell attachment and possible low biocompatibility. Some applications have combined the best of both and exciting new natural/ synthetic composites have been utilized. Recently, the use of nanostructured polymers and polymer nanocomposites has revolutionized the field of cardiac tissue engineering due to their enhanced mechanical, electrical, and surface properties promoting tissue growth. In this review, recent research on the use of biodegradable natural/synthetic nanocomposite polymers in cardiac tissue engineering is presented with forward looking thoughts provided for what is needed for the field to mature.

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Gelatin electrospun nanofibrous matrices for cardiac tissue engineering applications

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

A UV-cured nanofibrous membrane of vinylbenzylated gelatin-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) dimethacrylate co-network by scalable free surface electrospinning

A UV-cured nanofibrous membrane of vinylbenzylated gelatin-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) dimethacrylate co-network by scalable free surface electrospinning

The Osteogenic and Tenogenic Differentiation Potential of C3H10T1/2 (Mesenchymal Stem Cell Model) Cultured on PCL/PLA Electrospun Scaffolds in the Absence of Specific Differentiation Medium

<p>Biodegradable Nanopolymers in Cardiac Tissue Engineering: From Concept Towards Nanomedicine</p>

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