Recently, there has been increased interest in the development of biodegradable packaging material as an alternative to synthetic and nonbiodegradable polymers such as petroleum due to their environmental friendliness, recyclability, and nontoxicity. Biodegradable packaging materials are often made from renewable polymer sources such as carbohydrates, protein, lipids, or the combinations of these components (Amjadi et al., 2019;Bakry et al., 2017;Loo & Sarbon, 2020). These renewable biopolymers have been widely studied for their applications in food packaging films. Among biopolymers, protein-based films such as gelatin, collagen, whey, and zein have received great interest from researchers due to their great film-forming ability and magnificent barriers against oxygen and aromas (Coltelli et al., 2016;Suderman & Sarbon, 2019).However, because of their high hygroscopic nature, protein-based films exhibit high moisture sensitivity and low water vapor barrier properties (Said & Sarbon, 2019;Suderman et al., 2018b). Numerous efforts have been made to overcome these drawbacks by improving the barrier and mechanical properties of protein-based films along with their extended applications as active and smart packaging