Gel-Forming Derivative of Wheat Gluten

Abstract

INDUSTRIALAND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY tion, in order to lessen the superheating caused by a layer of insoluble material that formed on the evaporator.For further tests on this method of solubilization, samples of bark from salt-water-floated logs, fresh-water-floated logs, and bark peeled in the woods were obtained. Sulfited extracts were prepared from each sample. From the fresh-water-floated and woods-peeled bark, untreated.extracts were prepared for comparison. Liquors obtained by leaching were divided; half was sulfited and the other half reduced to extract without treatment. The analyses of these materials are given in Table III. All of the spent barks contained approximately the same amount of tannin in these experimen ts. The insolubles in an aqueous mixture containing 15% of extract from bark peeled in the woods amounted to 8%. Sulfiting reduced this to less than 1%. A similar mixture prepared from fresh-water-floated bark contained 13% insolubles, which was reduced to less than 1 % by the sulfite treatment. The sulfite treatment was equally effective in solubilizing tannin extract from ealt-water-floated bark, samples of which contained 20 to 40% insolubles without treatment (Table I). The purity of the sulfited extracts was comparable to that of woods-peeled-bark extracts. The addition of lactic or acetic acid to solutions of sulfited extracts did not cause precipitation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors are indebted to Ray Hatch, Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, for providing the pictures and the bark; to the Worthington Pump and Machinery Corporation for the use of Stacom horn-angle hydraulic press; to M. J. Stacom, Worthington Pump and Machinery Corporation, for operating the press, and Charles H. Binkley of this Laboratory, for processing the bark; to Stephen N. Wyckoff, U. S. Forest Service, for permission to use the map showing the movement and concentration of hemlock logs in pulp manufacture.

Modification of wheat gluten with citric acid to produce superabsorbent materials

“…Wheat gluten has been used to produce completely natural superabsorbent materials 17–20. This involved reacting gluten with sulfuric17, 18, 20 or phosphoric acid 19. Sulfuric acid reacts with hydroxyl groups in amino acids of gluten, such as serine and tyrosine, to produce sulfuric acid esters.…”

Water absorbance and thermal properties of sulfated wheat gluten films

“…Another approach involved the sulfating of wheat gluten powder by the formation of sulfuric acid esters with gluten amino acids that contained reactive hydroxyl groups, such as serine and tyrosine. The sulfate incorporation was inferred from a strong linear correlation between the concentration of sulfate added and the concentration of hydroxyl groups present in a series of natural proteins with various amounts of hydroxyl groups 29, 30. However, this process involved large quantities of solvents, such as acetone, during the washing and purification steps.…”

Modification of vital wheat gluten with phosphoric acid to produce high free swelling capacity

“…Vital wheat gluten has a free swelling capacity (FSC) for water of 1.4–1.5 and has been modified to produce superabsorbent materials. The modification occurs when native gluten is reacted with polyhydroxy acids such as sulfuric, citric acid, or phosphoric acid . The acid‐modified gluten samples were reported to absorb up to hundreds of times their weight in water.…”