Gehirn und Sympathicus

The effect of cortical lesions on emotional and regressive behavior in the rat. I. Emotional behavior.

“…From another approach, namely, local stimulation of the hypothalamus, much evidence has accumulated for an hypothalamic representation of the sympathetic (Karplus and Kreidl,28,29,30,31,32;Houssay and Molinelli,24). This, plus the fact that sympathetic representation is apparently not present in the thalamus (Karplus and Kreidl,28,29,30,31,32;Ranson and Magoun,40;Sachs,43), supplements the other evidence in indicating that the central mechanism responsible for the organ-ization of sympathetic activity characteristic of emergency states is located in the hypothalamus.…”

“…From another approach, namely, local stimulation of the hypothalamus, much evidence has accumulated for an hypothalamic representation of the sympathetic (Karplus and Kreidl,28,29,30,31,32;Houssay and Molinelli,24). This, plus the fact that sympathetic representation is apparently not present in the thalamus (Karplus and Kreidl,28,29,30,31,32;Ranson and Magoun,40;Sachs,43), supplements the other evidence in indicating that the central mechanism responsible for the organ-ization of sympathetic activity characteristic of emergency states is located in the hypothalamus. Bard's work (6,7,8), of course, indicates that it is only when these diencephaJic mechanisms are present that the individual segments of the rage response, which are, or can be, controlled by centers lying below the level of the diencephalon, are organized to form the extremely vigorous rage reaction.…”

On emotional expression after decortication with some remarks on certain theoretical views: Part I.

“…They need not detain us long here. Suffice it to say that, although various tonic and reflex sympathetic discharges are managed by bulbo-spinal mechanisms (i, 2, 37), it is clear (a) that practically all parts of the sympathetic outflow can be made to discharge by localized hypothalamic stimulation (6,15,21,22,26,30,37) and (b) that this result cannot be induced by similar stimulation of the thalamus (26,30,35). What is the significance of the first fact?…”

Emotion: I. The Neuro-humoral Basis of Emotional Reactions.

“…Nevertheless it is now thoroughly established that there is a hypothalamic representation of the sympathetic. Karplus and Kreidl (1909, 1910, 1918 have observed that local stimulation of the hypothalamus in narcotized animals causes various sym-pathetic discharges, and Houssay and Molinelli (1925) reported that similar stimulation induces medulliadrenal secretion. Beattie, Brow, and Long (1930) have shown that the very same part of the hypothalamus which is necessary for sham rage is the source of the sympathetic impulses responsible for the cardiac extrasystoles occurring under chloroform anaesthesia.…”

“…Beattie, Brow, and Long (1930) have shown that the very same part of the hypothalamus which is necessary for sham rage is the source of the sympathetic impulses responsible for the cardiac extrasystoles occurring under chloroform anaesthesia. The thalamus apparently lacks any similar sympathetic representation (Karplus and Kreidl, 1909, 1910, 1918Ranson and Magoun, 1933;Sachs, 1911). What is the significance of the fact that sympathetic discharges may be induced by local stimulation of the hypothalamic region ?…”