“…These now famous "picure" ex periments, in which diabetes was produced by making small stab wounds in the brain stem, led Bernard to the conception of a milieu interieur that is still central in the thinking of modern neurophysiologists [e.g., the reviews by Colle, Gasteaut & Dell (32)]. Somewhat less well known are the extensive series of experiments by Karplus (76) and Karplus & Kreidl (77,78,79) performed at the beginning of the century. These experiments thoroughly explored the relations between diencephalic centers and the regulation of visceral activities.…”