Gef�hrliche Stoffe in Bodenverbesserungsmitteln

Wagner, Karl‐Heinz; Siddiqi, I.

doi:10.1007/bf00594798

Cited by 13 publications

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“…26, 32). Jt is possibJe that the condensed hydrocarbons isolated either directly from the soil (5,39) or upon zinc dust distilIation of humic acids (8. 11, 13) mal' origina te by reduction of more highly condensed quinoid or phenolic structures. The fringelites of sea sediments discussed hy Blumer (4) and by Albrecht and Durisson (l) are dimeric anthraquinones with tetra-hydroxy-naphthodianthrone structures.…”

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Anthraquinones and Phenols as Intermediates in the Formation of Dark‐Colored, Humic Acid‐Like Pigments by Eurotium echinulatum

Sáiz‐Jiménez¹,

Haider²,

Martin

1975

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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EUrotiU711 echinulalum, a (ungus isolated (rom a vertisoJ in southcrn Spain, formcd humic acid-like pigments duriog growth in glucose-asparagine or gluoosc-NaNO;¡ media. After 6 to 7 days the phenols, orscllinic; ¡l·hydroxycinnamic, and p-hydroxyhcnzoic ncids, and the anthra<]uinones, cndocrocin, emodin, and physcion \Verc dctcctcd in the culture media. Upoo further dcvelopment of the mycclinJ mats additionaI aromatic compounds \Vere produccd and afte .. 4 to 6 wccks more than 50 different cther-extractahle phenoIs amI anthraquinoncs were detected. With further illcubation the nmounts and number oC these compounds dccreascd and pigment Cormation in the media increased. After 2 to 3 months the culture media were dark brown to black amI about 1 to 3.5 g/liter of polymer could be recovered upon acidification of the culture medium. Sodium amalgam rcduction of this polymer yielded numerous phcnols, anthraquinones, anthroncs, and possibly anthracene derivatives. Trcatment with sodium dithionite yieIded largely anthraquinones. The polymer contained 1 to 4.5% N depending upon the N source. From 50 to 60% of this N was released in the form of amino acids upon acid hydroIysis. With both asparagine and NaNO a as N sources the same amino acids were isoJated Crom ON Hel hydroIysates. Quantitatively, however, there were differences in the percentage distribution oC the amino acids. (24, 25. 26, 32). Jt is possibJe that the condensed hydrocarbons isolated either directly from the soil (5, 39) or upon zinc dust distilIation of humic acids (8.11, 13) mal' origina te by reduction of more highly condensed quinoid or phenolic structures. The fringelites of sea sediments discussed hy Blumer (4) and by Albrecht and Durisson (l) are dimeric anthraquinones with tetra-hydroxy-naphthodianthrone structures. They are derived from fossil crinoids and undergo a series of hydrations and dehydrations.For the present paper a study was made of anthraquinones -and phenols formed hy Eurotium echinulatum, a soil fungus isolated from a Vertizol in southern Spain. The linkage of these compounds into darkMcolored pigments similar to humic acid hy either phenolase or autoxidative polymerization proces.c;es in the culture medium and in the ceI1s during and after terminatíon of growth was followed. METHODSThe methods for cultivation and some properties of the darkcolored pigment have been described (22,23). The fungus was cultured in Czapek-Dox medium (20% glucose and 0.2% NaNO a ) or in glucose-asparagine medium (3% glucose and 0.5% asparagine) as described by Martin et al. (21). Growth and polymer formation was much better in the glucose~aspara gine medium. bu! the Czapek-Dox was preferred for monitoring the formation and transformation of phenols and anthraquinones. The phenols and anthraquinones were isolated from the culture media by acidification to pH 1.0 and extraction with peroxide-free ether. Concentrated cthcr extracts were spotted on thin layer silica gel (KGF 254. Fa, Merck, DarmstadO plates and chromatographed in two directions (9....

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Anthraquinones and Phenols as Intermediates in the Formation of Dark‐Colored, Humic Acid‐Like Pigments by Eurotium echinulatum

Sáiz‐Jiménez¹,

Haider²,

Martin

1975

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…If we determine per capita ratio, it will be on the level of 108 kg per Russian citizen. It is worth noting that in the cities of Japan this indicator is at the level of 110 kg [2], in the cities of Sweden -118 kg [3], and in the Federative Republic of Germany (in 1990 per one urban citizen) -73 kg [4] per person. In Russia, according to G.G.…”

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Prospects of Using Non-Conventional Fertilizers in the Forest Nurseries for Growing the Planting Stock of Common Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.)

Dyakov¹,

Залесов

Vaisman

2019

CIACR

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Überprüfung des Kontaminationsrisikos durch polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe im Erntegut von Möhren und Pilzen bei Anwendung von Müllkompost

Linne¹,

Martens

1978

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

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Examination of the risk of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the harvested crops of carrots and fungi after the application of composted municipal waste Investigations were conducted to determine if the often high, naturally‐occuring concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) present in municipal waste composts could cause hazardous contamination of plants when the composts are used as soil conditioners in agriculture and gardening. Carrots (Daucus carota) and mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), used as representatives of higher and lower plants, respectively, were cultivated on compost‐free or compost‐amended substrates. To determine concentrations of PAHs in soils and plants a gas‐chromatographic method was employed which allowed benzo(a)pyrene and 12 other PAHs to be determined singly or as isomeric mixtures. In the experiments with Agaricus it was found that fruiting bodies, even though grown in a substrate with very high concentrations of PAHs (i‐ e., 1000 ppb benzo(a)pyrene), contained no detectible quantities of these compounds. In contrast to this, experiments with carrots showed that there was a direct correlation between PAH concentrations in the substrate and PAH concentrations in both below‐ and above‐ground portions of the plants. The 25 to 40 fold increase of the PAH concentration in the substrate containing waste compost caused an increase of these compounds in the carrot roots by the same factor. The only 2 to 4 fold increment of the PAHs in the corresponding foliage was thought to be mainly due to a relatively great portion of air contamination by which the increase of the PAH quantities entering from below ground to the foliage was not so evident. The concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene used in the present series of experiments with composted waste are 7 to 10 times higher than those found in soil to which compost has been added as in practical agricultural application. Relating the result of the described experiments to actual practice, it could be suggested that the normally very low concentrations of PAHs in below ground plant parts would increase with the use of composted municipal waste, but they would not become greater than the concentrations in above ground plant as caused by contamination from naturally occuring PAHs in the air.

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Gef�hrliche Stoffe in Bodenverbesserungsmitteln

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Anthraquinones and Phenols as Intermediates in the Formation of Dark‐Colored, Humic Acid‐Like Pigments by Eurotium echinulatum

Anthraquinones and Phenols as Intermediates in the Formation of Dark‐Colored, Humic Acid‐Like Pigments by Eurotium echinulatum

Prospects of Using Non-Conventional Fertilizers in the Forest Nurseries for Growing the Planting Stock of Common Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.)

Überprüfung des Kontaminationsrisikos durch polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe im Erntegut von Möhren und Pilzen bei Anwendung von Müllkompost

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