Gearing up for the Future: Mitigating Dysregulated Inflammation in Aging and Facets of Obesity

Xu, Weili; Larbi, Anis

doi:10.20900/immunometab20210002

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

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“…Since obese individuals tend to be older in their biological age, the phrase “adipaging” has been employed to define the inflammation linked to chronic obesity [ 61 ]. Adipose tissue aging accelerates due to obesity, and dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity may result in telomere attrition and higher oxidative stress, which could negatively affect mitochondria and genomic stability [ 62 ]. During adipaging, increased production of reactive oxygen species may cause a reduction in immune system function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between obesity, immunosenescence, and insulin resistance

Shimi,

Sohouli,

Ghorbani

et al. 2024

Immun Ageing

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Obesity, which is the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, has adverse impacts on human health. Obesity-related metabolic dysregulation has similarities to the metabolic alterations observed in aging. It has been shown that the adipocytes of obese individuals undergo cellular aging, known as senescence. Senescence can be transmitted to other normal cells through a series of chemical factors referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Most of these factors are pro-inflammatory compounds. The immune system removes these senescent T-cells, but immunosenescence, which is the senescence of immune cells, disrupts the clearance of senescent T-cells. Immunosenescence occurs as a result of aging or indirectly through transmission from senescent tissues. The significant occurrence of senescence in obesity is expected to cause immunosenescence and impairs the immune response to resolve inflammation. The sustained and chronic inflammation disrupts insulin's metabolic actions in metabolic tissues. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of senescent adipocyte cells in obesity-associated immunosenescence and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Moreover, the article suggests novel therapeutic approaches to improve metabolic syndrome by targeting senescent T-cells or using senotherapeutics. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between obesity, immunosenescence, and insulin resistance

Shimi,

Sohouli,

Ghorbani

et al. 2024

Immun Ageing

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SARS-CoV-2 infection induces persistent adipose tissue damage in aged golden Syrian hamsters

et al. 2023

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) is primarily a respiratory illness. However, various extrapulmonary manifestations have been reported in patients with severe forms of COVID-19. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 was shown to directly trigger white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction, which in turn drives insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and other adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Although advanced age is the greatest risk factor for COVID-19 severity, published data on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on WAT in aged individuals are scarce. Here, we characterized the response of subcutaneous and visceral WAT depots to SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adult and aged golden hamsters. In both age groups, infection was associated with a decrease in adipocyte size in the two WAT depots; this effect was partly due to changes in tissue’s lipid metabolism and persisted for longer in aged hamsters than in young-adult hamsters. In contrast, only the subcutaneous WAT depot contained crown-like structures (CLSs) in which dead adipocytes were surrounded by SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages, some of them forming syncytial multinucleated cells. Importantly, older age predisposed to a unique manifestation of viral disease in the subcutaneous WAT depot during SARS-CoV-2 infection; the persistence of very large CLSs was indicative of an age-associated defect in the clearance of dead adipocytes by macrophages. Moreover, we uncovered age-related differences in plasma lipid profiles during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that the WAT’s abnormal response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may contribute to the greater severity of COVID-19 observed in elderly patients.

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Gearing up for the Future: Mitigating Dysregulated Inflammation in Aging and Facets of Obesity

Cited by 2 publications

References 88 publications

The interplay between obesity, immunosenescence, and insulin resistance

The interplay between obesity, immunosenescence, and insulin resistance

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces persistent adipose tissue damage in aged golden Syrian hamsters

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