Geant4 Model for the Stopping Power of Low Energy Negatively Charged Hadrons

Abstract

An original model is presented for the simulation of the energy loss of negatively charged hadrons. It calculates the stopping power by regarding the target atoms as an ensemble of quantum harmonic oscillators; this approach allows to account for charge dependent effects in the stopping power, which are relevant at energies below a few MeV. The resulting antiproton stopping powers for different elements are shown to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. The model described in this paper is implemented in the Low Energy Electromagnetic package of the Geant4 Toolkit; it represents a significant improvement for the accurate simulation of low energy negative hadrons with respect to previously available models.

Large nuclear scattering effects in antiproton transmission through polymer and metal-coated foils

“…This model was based on the Wentzel scattering function [135,142] with the same shape as the one used in the above multiple scattering model. The electronic stopping power S p e of antiprotons was modeled by treating the atoms as an ensemble of quantum harmonic oscillators [15,39,[143][144][145].…”

Realistic 3D implementation of electrostatic elements for low energy machines

“…Additionally, the Geant4 environment contains numerous physical models or manually prepared physics lists that may be based on new measurements, which makes accurately simulating low energy hadron behaviour possible [8].…”

Introduction to the Geant4 Simulation toolkit

“…Corrections due to the molecular structure of materials and the effect of the nuclear stopping power are also taken into account. The Barkas effect [44] is described by means of a specialised model. The Geant4 Very Low Energy Package [45,46] models particle interactions in water, the main substance of biological systems, down to the electronvolt scale.…”