Gdy wycofanie społeczne przybiera postać skrajną: zjawisko „hikikomori” we Włoszech

Looking at a beautiful moon while immersed in a lake of petroleum: Narratives from Italian individuals with hikikomori

“…Besides, a history of aversive or traumatic experiences characterizing the hikikomori condition are derived from the present study, similar to what was found in other countries (Teo et al, 2015). Almost all hikikomori life stories report peer rejection/bullying during school age (Hattori, 2006), considered as one of the main traumatic triggers of social withdrawal (Tajan, 2015b(Tajan, , 2017, leading to school phobia and education dropout over time (Ranieri, 2015).…”

“…The first interesting result refers to the image of a deficient hikikomori self, overall featured by a fragile and passive identity, as also found in previous research studies (De Luca, 2017;Ranieri, 2015). This suggests that hikikomori may be conceived as an idiom of distress involving a depressed, addicted or traumatized self and as a form of socially regulated expression of complaint (Tajan, 2015b).…”

“…Another key issue refers to family relations, which are described as lacking exchange, empathy, and responsiveness, with emotional neglect as causing a sense of abandonment (Hattori, 2006;Ranieri, 2015). As well, the reported concerns about the parental couple (e.g., marital conflict, separation, divorce) in hikikomori narratives seem to suggest a breakdown of the family identity, within a socio-cultural perspective looking at hikikomori as related to the lack of social support structures and to the increasing weakening of institutions (Allison, 2013).…”

“…In particular, the problem of hikikomori is perceived as quite alarming in the Italian context (Pereira-Sanchez et al, 2019), where a high number of teenagers show similar behaviors (e.g., social anxiety, self-seclusion, school refusal, altered wakefulness-sleep cycle, problematic family relations) to those of their Japanese peers and several social services have started to deal with patients with hikikomori (Loscalzo et al, 2016;Ranieri, 2015). However, the scarce published scientific literature on hikikomori and the limited health professionals' knowledge about the phenomenon, mainly due to the lack of classification systems and intervention guidelines, may still contribute to the underestimation and undertreatment of hikikomori in such a context (Loscalzo et al, 2016).…”

Longitudinal association between autistic traits and affinity for hikikomori in Japanese university students

“…Although cases of hikikomori were first reported in Japan (Furlong, 2008), this phenomenon has also attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians from other countries in the past decade. Indeed, cases of hikikomori have been reported in several other countries and regions including India, South Korea, the United States (Teo et al, 2015), Oman (Sakamoto et al, 2005), Spain (Malagón-Amor et al, 2015), Italy (Ranieri, 2015), France (Chauliac et al, 2017), and Hong Kong (Wong et al, 2015).…”