Gc- MS Screening and in-Silico Prediction of Pila Globosa Extract Against the Bone Diseases in Calcitonin Receptor

Abstract

India’s flora and fauna has diverse medicinal properties and constitutes the major portion of our traditional medicine system. One among them is snails. Snails have a long history of being used for treating diseases in traditional medicinal systems around the world including India and China. Pila globosa is one of the largest land snails, mainly used as food. Here in this study, the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry discovered the presence of thirteen bio active constituents with various medicinal applications. The constituent Stigmasta-4, 22-dien-3-beta-ol had the highest retention time and exhibited a efficient binding with the human protein calcitonin receptor ectodomain. The calcitonin receptor types is expressed widely in various tissues and cells but most importantly in the osteoclates and hence a very important receptor in the treatment for bone disorders. The binding of the Pila globosa snail constituent with the human calcitonin receptor proved that a novel drug can be developed from the snail for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy and paget’s disease. In addition to that, the snail extract exhibited no cytotoxicity and an efficient antioxidant property against DPPH and H2O2 free radicals. The FTIR analysis revealed the snail contained biologically significant functional groups with properties suitable for a drug and prevalent in most of the pharmaceutical drugs. Thus, these results imply the safety and efficacy of the snail Pila globosa for a novel drug development.

Investigation Extraction of the Garden Snail's Shells using GC-MS Spectrometry

“…There are many other products detected in the shell powder of garden snails during this study; some products identified by other researchers in the snails comprised hexanal and heptanal, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, or ethyl palmitate, nonanal heptadecanoic acid, ethyl ester 1methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)- (Sverdrup-Thygeson et al, 2019;Ballard, 2021;Belitz, 2004;Pandirajan, 2022;Odesanya, 2011;Kubisa, 1980;Lasekan, 2018;Pissia et al, 2021;Harborne, 1997;Iannino, 2020).…”

“…Also, this study harvested 23 chemical compounds that constituted the structure of the shell of a garden snail with a low percentage. So, four saturated fatty acids were detected in the powder of the shell of the garden snail and included dodecanoic acid (Lauric acid), myristic acid, pentadecanoic (pentadecylic) acid, and octadecanoic acid or stearic acid, as a result, these chemical substances were detected by other researchers in the garden snails and other species (Maćkowiak 2020;Sverdrup-Thygeson et al, 2019;Ballard, 2021;Belitz, 2004;Pandirajan, 2022;Odesanya, 2011;Galluzzo, 2019).…”

Freshwater shellfish, Pila globosa: a review on its ecological and economical importance, nutritive and ethno-medicinal values

“…Rural residents also utilise a soup made from snail flesh to cure rheumatoid arthritis, to reduce joint swelling, and to speed wound healing. The chemical constituent (stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-beta-ol) found in P. globosa binds effectively with the human calcitonin receptor ectodomain, which is highly expressed in the osteoclasts of bones and hence very important in the treatment of bone disorders (Pandiarajan et al 2022). An extract of P. globosa inhibits differentiation of osteoclasts by blocking NFκB and NFATC1 signaling pathways, indicating that it can be used in osteolytic bone diseases (Pandiarajan et al 2019).…”

“…The presence of diverse functional groups such as alkyl, alkyne, aldehyde, amide, ketone, benzene ring, and carboxylic acid and thirteen bioactive components such as cholesterol, gamma-ergostenol, eicosane, n-hexadecanoic acid, 6-octadecenoic acid, and cholecalcif in P. globosa has been reported (Pandiarajan et al 2022). There are few studies regarding the antioxidant activity of Pila species (such as Pandiarajan et al 2022), which described free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide in P. globosa; Marimuthu et al (2017) and Khalil et al (2019) reported antioxidant activity in Pila virens and Pila maculata, respectively. Pila species have natural immunity against disease-causing microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Penicillium species (Hamzat 2003).…”