GC-MS Screening Analysis for the Identification of Potential Migrants in Plastic and Paper-Based Candy Wrappers

Graíño, Soraya Galmán; Sendón, Raquel; López-Hernández, J.

doi:10.3390/polym10070802

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several degradation products formed from antioxidants used as additives were identified in the can extracts, for example, 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol degradation products from antioxidants Irgafos 168 or Irganox 1076 [25] were detected in all samples; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone degradation products from antioxidants Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1010, frequently detected as NIAS in migration studies [22], was only detected in the sample AA; and 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, a degradation product of Irganox 1010, was detected in all the samples [14,26]. Particular attention should be paid to these degradation products, since according to some investigations, they could represent a risk for the health of consumers [14].…”

Section: Gc-ms Screeningmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), detected in the sample AH, is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in the food industry as a stabilizer for polyolefins in polyurethane adhesives and it is also employed as a food additive. Its degradation product 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone was detected in the sample AH and TO1 [14].…”

Section: Gc-ms Screeningmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

GC-MS Screening for the Identification of Potential Migrants Present in Polymeric Coatings of Food Cans

Lestido‐Cardama

Sendón

Bustos³

et al. 2019

Polymers

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coatings used in cans can release complex chemical mixtures into foodstuffs. Therefore, it is important to develop analytical methods for the identification of these potential migrant compounds in packaged food to guarantee the compliance with European food packaging legislation and ensure consumer safety. In the present work, the type of coating in a total of twelve cans collected in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) were evaluated using an ATR (attenuated total reflectance)-FTIR spectrometer. These samples were analysed after extraction with acetonitrile in order to identify potential migrants through a screening method by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of forty-seven volatile and semi-volatile compounds were identified in these samples, including plasticizers, photoinitiators, antioxidants, lubricants, etc. Then, in a second step, a targeted analysis was carried out for the simultaneous determination of 13 compounds, including bisphenols (BPA, BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF, BPG) and BADGEs (BADGE, BADGE.H 2 O, BADGE.2H 2 O, BADGE.HCl, BADGE.2HCl, BADGE.H 2 O.HCl, cyclo-di-BADGE) by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) source. Among all the bisphenols analysed, only the bisphenol A was detected in four samples; while cyclo-di-BADGE was the predominant compound detected in all the samples analysed.

show abstract

Section: Gc-ms Screeningmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Gc-ms Screeningmentioning

confidence: 97%

GC-MS Screening for the Identification of Potential Migrants Present in Polymeric Coatings of Food Cans

Lestido‐Cardama

Sendón

Bustos³

et al. 2019

Polymers

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Squalene, which was detected in all packaging material samples, is an ethylenic-unsaturated hydrocarbon used as an oxygen-scavenging agent in the material to extend the shelf life of compounds that are sensitive to oxygen [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13-docosenamide was present in all the samples analyzed, while octadecanamide and hexadecanamide were only identified in three samples (AS_02, AS_04 and GA_02). They are able to reduce friction resistance and all of them belong to Class III according to Cramer rules [ 21 , 36 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Dietary Exposure to Contaminants Transferred from the Packaging in Fatty Dry Foods Based on Cereals

Lestido‐Cardama

Quirós

Bustos³

et al. 2020

Foods

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food packaging has received special attention from the food safety standpoint since it could be a potential source of contamination through the migration of chemical substances from the packaging material into food. The assessment of the exposure through the diet to these contaminants from food packaging is necessary. In this work, an estimation of dietary exposure of the young Spanish population (1–17 years) to target chemicals from packaging for fatty dried foods based on cereals was assessed. For this purpose, a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed for screening of volatile and semivolatile compounds, potential migrants from the packaging. Then, this technique was used to quantify 8 target analytes, which were previously identified in the packaging (including phthalates, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and octocrylene), in composite food samples of fatty cereals prepared according to the consumption data for different age groups. Among the phthalates, exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP) was the highest for the three groups considered (0.0761–0.545 µg/kg body weight/day), followed by bis(2-ethylhxyl)phathalate (DEHP), while the lowest mean intake was found for di-n-octyl phathalate (DNOP; 0.00463–0.0209 µg/kg body weight/day). The estimated dietary exposures did not exceed for any of the analytes the corresponding established tolerable daily intakes.

show abstract

“…Usually, NIAS’s identification requires susceptible advanced analytical techniques and databases and software tools [ 5 , 9 ]. The general workflow for the analysis of FCMs involves the data acquisition after the selection of one or a combination of analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC) for volatile and semi-volatile compounds with low polarity [ 78 , 95 , 123 , 124 , 125 ] and liquid chromatography (LC) for thermally unstable and non-volatile compounds; both coupled with mass spectrometry detectors (MS) [ 28 , 96 , 126 ].…”

Section: The Challenges Of the Nias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Kato

Conté-Júnior

2021

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several food contact materials (FCMs) contain non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), and most of the substances that migrate from plastic food packaging are unknown. This review aimed to situate the main challenges involving unknown NIAS in plastic food packaging in terms of identification, migration tests, prediction, sample preparation, determination methods and risk assessment trials. Most studies have identified NIAS in plastic materials as polyurethane adhesives (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester coatings, polypropylene materials (PP), multilayers materials, plastic films, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), recycled materials, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Degradation products are almost the primary source of NIAS in plastic FCMs, most from antioxidants as Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168, following by oligomers and side reaction products. The NIAS assessment in plastics FCMs is usually made by migration tests under worst-case conditions using food simulants. For predicted NIAS, targeted analytical methods are applied using GC-MS based methods for volatile NIAS and GC-MS and LC-MS based methods for semi- and non-volatile NIAS; non-targeted methods to analyze unknown NIAS in plastic FCMs are applied using GC and LC techniques combined with QTOF mass spectrometry (HRMS). In terms of NIAS risk assessment and prioritization, the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept is the most applied tool for risk assessment. Bioassays with sensitive analytical techniques seem to be an efficient method to identify NIAS and their hazard to human exposure; the combination of genotoxicity testing with analytical chemistry could allow the Cramer class III TTC application to prioritize unknown NIAS. The scientific justification for implementing a molecular weight-based cut-off (<1000 Da) in the risk assessment of FCMs should be reevaluated. Although official guides and opinions are being issued on the subject, the whole chain’s alignment is needed, and more specific legislation on the steps to follow to get along with NIAS.

show abstract

GC-MS Screening Analysis for the Identification of Potential Migrants in Plastic and Paper-Based Candy Wrappers

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

GC-MS Screening for the Identification of Potential Migrants Present in Polymeric Coatings of Food Cans

GC-MS Screening for the Identification of Potential Migrants Present in Polymeric Coatings of Food Cans

Estimation of Dietary Exposure to Contaminants Transferred from the Packaging in Fatty Dry Foods Based on Cereals

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About